1, Westernization Movement.
Under the banner of "self-improvement", we will introduce advanced western production technology, establish a new military industry, train a new navy and army, and build a modern navy like Beiyang Navy. Among them, the largest modern military enterprise is Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration founded in Shanghai.
2. The establishment of Beiyang Navy.
On February 1888 (14th year of Guangxu) 65438+ 17, it was formally established in Liu Gongdao, Ahava, Shandong Province. The Qing government allocated 4 million taels of silver for naval construction every year. The strength of the fleet was once the first in Asia and the ninth in the world (according to the ranking of the US Navy Yearbook, the top eight were Britain, France, Russia, Germany, Spain, Ottoman Turkey, Italy and the United States).
3, the Yellow Sea naval battle.
1904 On February 8, the torpedo boat of the Japanese joint fleet attacked the Russian Pacific fleet stationed at the anchorage outside Lushunkou, and the Russo-Japanese War broke out. Both sides formulated corresponding mine blockade tactics outside Lushun Port, and many warships of both sides sank due to mine contact.
On April 18, the flagship Petropavlovsk of the Russian Pacific Fleet sank due to lightning, and the commander of the fleet, Stepan Osipovich Makarov, was killed. Since then, the Russian army has lost confidence in competing for the sea power in the Yellow Sea. ?
4. Battle of Weihai.
Japanese torpedo boats have successfully attacked many times. The Battle of ahava was a defensive war to defend the Beiyang naval base, and it was also beiyang fleet's last war against Japan. As a result, Japan won a decisive victory, and the Beiyang Navy was completely annihilated in this battle. The gate of Gyeonggi suddenly opened, and the Japanese army in Lushun also launched an attack, even breaking Phoenix, Yingkou, Haicheng and Niuzhuang, and the Qing army was defeated.
The ruling clique headed by Cixi begged for mercy and surrendered to Japan, and sent Li Hongzhang as the plenipotentiary minister to Japan for peace talks. 1895 17 in April, the treaty of shimonoseki was signed and the Sino-Japanese War ended.
5. Destroy opium in Humen (June 1839).
The Qing government of China appointed an imperial envoy Lin Zexu to destroy opium in Humen, Guangdong Province. This incident later became the fuse of the First Opium War, and treaty of nanking was also signed in this war. Smoking ban in Humen indirectly led to the harm of unequal treaties to the people of China.
The destruction of opium in Humen has become a historic event in the anti-drug struggle. June 3, which began with the destruction of opium in Humen, was designated as the No-Smoking Festival of the Republic of China, and June 26, the day after the end of cigarette sales, was also the International Anti-Drug Day.
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