Heshibi is a beautiful jade, and people have given it the praise of "priceless treasure" and "handed down from generation to generation". The legend of He Shibi is related to Bian He, the Chu people.
According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, the Chu people planted Bian Que. When they talked about Jingshan (now Nanzhang County, Hubei Province), they saw a phoenix perched on the bluestone board in the mountain. According to the saying that the phoenix never falls without treasure, he concluded that there was treasure on the mountain. After careful searching, he finally found a piece of jade in the mountains.
Bian He presented this treasure to Li, the king of Chu. However, after the identification of jade workers, Pu was judged as a stone. Li Guowang thought that Bian He had deceived the king and ordered Bian He to break his left foot and expel him from the capital.
When King Wu ascended the throne, Bian He presented the original jade, but the jade worker still thought it was a stone. Poor Bian He had his right foot cut off because of bullying the king.
After King Chu acceded to the throne, Bian He wept bitterly at the foot of Chushan for three days and nights, and his eyes overflowed with blood. King Wen was very surprised and sent someone to ask him, "Are there many people cut off?" Why are you the only one so sad? " Bian He sighed, "I'm not sad because I was cut off, but because gems are treated as stones, and loyal ministers are treated as traitors. Hanging upside down is sad! " This time, King Wen directly ordered someone to cut it, and as a result, he got a flawless jade.
In order to reward Bian He's loyalty, Meiyu was named "He Shen Jade", which is the legendary He Shen Jade in later generations.
King Chu got this beautiful jade and cherished it very much. He couldn't bear to carve it, so he treasured it as a treasure. More than 400 years have passed, and in recognition of the achievements of loyal ministers, Chu Weiwang specially gave He Shibi to Zhaoyang, Guo Xiang. When Zhaoyang led the guests to visit Chishan, the jade jade was displayed for people to watch. Unexpectedly, after the crowd dispersed, Yuyu disappeared.
More than 50 years later, Zhao Renmiao first bought a piece of jade in the market with 500 gold. Unexpectedly, the jade worker identified this jade as the one that has been missing for many years. When King Huiwen of Zhao heard that He Shibi appeared in Zhao, he took it for himself.
Zhao Haoqi, the king of Qin, wrote to the prince of Zhao, saying that he was willing to exchange fifteen cities of Qin for jade. The prince of Zhao was awed by the power of Qin and sent Lin Xiangru to Qin. Resourceful Lin Xiangru lived up to his mission and designed to retrieve the jade and send it back to Zhao.
In 228 BC, the State of Qin destroyed Zhao, and Choi finally fell into the hands of the State of Qin. Unfortunately, He Shibi disappeared from the historical records. Legend has it that after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he made a national seal of Heshibi. "
Whether it is true or not, she made a leap in the legend of the world and became a symbol of rights-a national decree.
It is said that after Qin Shihuang unified China, he really hired a jade worker to carve a jade seal, which he called the "Imperial Seal". According to historical records, this seal is carved from white jade in Lantian, Shaanxi, and it is a tiger-killing button. It is said that the inscription on the jade seal of arowana phoenix bird was written by Prime Minister Lisi in the form of a big seal.
After the publication of the national seal, it is still difficult to get rid of its mystery. Legend has it that in 2 19 BC, when Qin Shihuang was touring Dongting Lake in the south, the wind and waves suddenly broke out and his ship was about to be destroyed. The first emperor threw the jade seal into the lake and sacrificed the waves to the gods so that he could cross the lake safely. Eight years later, when he went to Pingshu Road in Huayin, someone stood on the road with a jade seal and said to the attendants of the first emperor, "Please return this jade seal to Zulong (called by Qin Shihuang)." Then he disappeared. Pass the imperial edict and return it to Qin Shihuang.
In the war at the end of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang led the troops into Xianyang first. Tian Zi Seal was given to Liu Bang by a gentleman who died in Qin Dynasty. Liu Bangjian Han acceded to the throne, and she passed the national seal, which is called "Han passed the national seal" in history. Since then, the jade seal has been treasured in Changle Palace, becoming a symbol of imperial power. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped power and Emperor Liu Yingcai was two years old. The imperial seal is in the charge of Empress Xiao Yuan. Wang Mang ordered Hou Wangshun of Anyang to force the queen mother to hand over the imperial seal, and was angered by the queen mother. In a rage, the Queen Mother threw the imperial seal on the ground, and a corner of the imperial seal was dropped, and then it was filled with gold, leaving a flaw mark.
After Wang Mang's defeat, the jade seal changed hands several times, and finally fell into the hands of Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, and spread to the Eastern Han Emperor. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ten servants made an insurrection, and the young emperor fled in a hurry, before he could take the imperial seal. When he returned to the palace, he found that the imperial seal was missing. People in Sun Jian dug up the body of a maid-in-waiting in Gong Zhenjing, south of Luoyang, and found the "Jade Seal" in the kit around her neck. Sun Jian regarded it as an auspicious omen, so he began his dream of being an emperor. Unexpectedly, someone in the Sun Jian army informed Yuan Shao about it. When Yuan Shao heard about it, he immediately detained Sun Jian's wife and forced Sun Jian to hand over the decree. Later, the Yuan Shao brothers were defeated, and the "national decree" was returned to Emperor Han Xian.
The three countries have stood firm, the decree belongs to Wei, the three countries are unified, and the decree belongs to gold. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the north fell into an era of frequent regime changes and turbulence. "State decrees" are constantly being questioned and deprived. In the fifth year of Yongjia (3 1 1), the imperial seal was returned to the former Zhao Liu Cong. In the fourth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (329), the post-Zhao destroyed the former Zhao and obtained the imperial seal; Ran Min, the post-Zhao general, killed Shi Jian and regained the imperial seal. At this stage, several "private seals" appeared, including self-seal in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Murong Yongyin in Xiyan and Yao Qinyin. In the Southern Dynasties, when he arrived in Liang Wudi, Hou Jing rebelled and was deprived of the imperial edict. Shortly after Hou Jing's defeat, the imperial seal was put into a well in qixia temple, fished out and kept by monks in the temple, and then presented to Chen Wudi.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the "Jade Seal" was still the treasure of the rulers. After Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, the imperial seal suffered bad luck again. Li Congke, the deposed emperor in the later Tang Dynasty, was defeated by Qidan and set himself on fire with a decree. So far, the whereabouts of the jade seal are unknown.
Since the Song Dynasty, because the rulers of past dynasties strongly advocated that obtaining the national seal was a "destiny's return" and a "auspicious sign", the true and false national seal was repeatedly found. For example, in the third year of Song Shaosheng (1096), Duan Yi, a native of Xianyang, said that the jade seal of "green as blue, moist and shiny" and "five buttons on the back" dug out of the ground during building was identified as "real Qin seal" by thirteen imperial secretaries such as Cai Jing, a bachelor of Hanlin. However, according to later research, it was a trick played by Cai Jing and others to deceive the emperor. In the 13th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1500), Mao Zhixue in Huxian got a seal in the mud river, which was given to Emperor Xiaozong by Xiong Yuzhong, governor of Shaanxi Province. According to legend, the official seal brought into the desert at the end of Yuan Dynasty was personally visited by Emperor Taizong of the late Jin Dynasty, and Huang Taiji changed the title of "Jin" to "Qing". However, in the early Qing Dynasty, there were thirty-nine imperial seals in the Forbidden City, and one of them was regarded as a fake by Emperor Qianlong, which shows that the authenticity of the national seal is difficult to determine. It is said that the real national seal was brought to Mobei by the Yuan Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty. Is the real national seal made by Cui? Where does it flow? So far, there are different opinions, and no one can agree.
The attitude of people in Ming and Qing dynasties to "passing the seal" is different from before. According to "Shi Ming Yufuzhi Dibao", Fu Han, the minister of rites, commented on the official seal sent by the local government: "lantian jade thought it was the seal of Qin Shihuang, but Han later used it. Nature is a clever struggle for power and profit. It is enough to say that this is enough. I have already ordered it, but I don't know that I was ordered to do good, not to seal the Hou. Therefore, if you can't get it, you can fake it to deceive people; If you get it, the monarch and ministers will be happy to show it to the world. All this has been absurd for thousands of years. "The Legend of Treasures in Zhou Dynasty, an aristocratic imperial system, also said:" Those who are not in the ceremony have the seal of' I was ordered by heaven to live forever', but I don't know when to attach it to the temple and put it in the middle. According to its words, Qin Xi has been handed down from ancient times, but the seal script is not as old as Li Si's Insect Birds ... If the treasure is concerned, it is nothing more than Qin Xi, which is both true and expensive! After three years of Qianlong, when he was in charge of the river, he played the Baoying River Jade Seal, which was lovely and consistent with Cai Shu's "Dropping out of Farming". I put this kind of imitation of what I did in a different temple, which is regarded as playing with old things. Father Xi calmed down. The ancients discussed it in detail. Even if it still exists, how can politics and political things be stored with the treasures handed down from this dynasty? Yu Yi has not done so. "
Bibi is an important ritual vessel in ancient China, ranking first among the six vessels and six laws. It is shaped like a round jade with a hole in the middle. As an important ritual vessel, Bi contains extremely rich contents, symbolizing heaven, gods, monarchical power, good omen and good fortune. King Wen of Chu was named after Bi, which shows the preciousness of Bi. The legend of later generations about making it into a national seal finally made it worthy of the name.