1, the position of historians is wrong.
Most of the authors of "The Draft of Qing Dynasty" are old people of Qing Dynasty, and they have deep feelings for the motherland. Yuan Shikai's government stole the column from the Revolution of 1911, which is itself a stubborn and reactionary feudal remnant, and it is impossible to meet the requirements of a progressive revolution aimed at historical museums. Therefore, the author of the Draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty clearly compiled history from the standpoint of the Qing Dynasty and praised the Qing emperor, but failed to truthfully reflect the darkness of the Qing Dynasty's rule, especially the corruption and traitorous behavior since modern times, but deliberately concealed it. Oppose the anti-Qing revolution and falsely call Anbalism and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom "bandits", "thieves", "thieves" and "bandits". Although he was in the Republic of China, he still held an attitude of opposing the Revolution of 1911 and the Republic of China. He not only turned a blind eye to many revolutionary activities led by Hui, the establishment of the League, Sun Yat-sen and so on, but also described them from time to time, which must be denounced. He called the revolutionary martyrs who died "Zhu Fu" and the Wuchang Uprising "Revolutionary Party conspired against Wuchang".
2. Lack of talents and poor organizational skills.
Before the opening of the Qing History Museum, there was no training and reserve for history professionals. After the opening of the museum, a group of celebrities in the late Qing Dynasty gathered, but most of these "Hanyuan celebrities, whose articles are famous all over the world" are non-historical experts, among whom Tongcheng ancient prose school is in the majority, and ancient prose is elegant and docile, and they often know nothing about historical examples. Therefore, people think that "the talents who repair the history of Qing Dynasty are far inferior to those who repair the history of Ming Dynasty".
3. The collection and utilization of historical materials are limited.
The history of the Qing Dynasty is vast, including historical records, hadith, government notes, ministerial rules, strategies and various classics, as well as a large number of private writings. There are not only a large number of existing original files of the central government office in the Qing Dynasty, but also many folk inscriptions and genealogy. There are not only rich Chinese historical materials, but also many historical materials of Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and other minority languages. There are historical materials produced and preserved by China itself, as well as historical materials about China preserved or produced by foreign countries, and so on. It is impossible and unnecessary to exhaust all the materials of Qing history in compiling Qing history. However, to compile a systematic and complete history of the Qing Dynasty, we must collect, master and make full use of these main historical materials.
It is quite right to suggest that museums should "check archives", "collect books" and "interview frequently" in historical materials. But in the process of editing, it is not enough. In terms of books, only Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Gansu and other provinces have recorded and distributed a small number of works and documents, as well as the bibliographies of Shi Jing University Hall and Jiangsu and Zhejiang Libraries. "I didn't send more." In his interview, all localities collected the life stories of some officials and Mr. Wang, but a large number of economic and social historical materials were not involved. In particular, in terms of archival historical materials, except for all the archives of the National History Museum, the rest are basically absent. For example, there are thousands and hundreds of thousands of imperial edicts in Manchu in the archives of the military department, and there are millions of records in Manchu, which is the "fundamental data of Qing history." At that time, "the first section of the Secretariat of the State Council was deposited, and the History Museum requested it in writing, but the the State Council City Hall was not allowed for office use, so it was rare for the members of the History Museum to compile it". Cabinet archives, including the old archives of the Manchu Dynasty, the archives of the Manchu National History Academy, the archives of the Secretariat of History Academy, the secret edition archives and many maps, are of great historical value, with more than 6,543,800 titles and essays, which are "not used by the Qing History Museum". The archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, "The Qing History Museum often uses words, but it has always been inconvenient." However, the archives of all parts of the Forbidden City, including a large number of archives and nearly one million memorials of Zhu Pei in Manchu and Han Dynasties, have not been utilized. There are objective reasons why the Qing history museum failed to make full use of the Qing archives. At that time, the archives were not kept centrally, especially the archives in the palace were occupied by Puyi's small court, so it was difficult to consult them. On the other hand, these files have not been systematically sorted out and are not convenient to use. The utilization of China's historical materials is still limited, and the Qing History Museum is powerless and has no intention of taking into account foreign historical materials. The limitation of historical data collection and utilization is an important factor affecting the quality of the draft of Qing history.
Today, the utilization conditions of historical materials in Qing dynasty (including collection, preservation, arrangement, publication, modern technical means, etc.). ) are far better than those of that year, and should be collected comprehensively and systematically in the revision of history and fully utilized.
4. The style is not detailed enough
The Draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty imitates the History of the Ming Dynasty, adopting the traditional style of discipline, recording, presentation and biography, slightly adding, deleting and adapting, among which the unreasonable and chaotic editing is still outstanding. The Nanming regime lasted for three dynasties: Hong Guang, Longwu and Li Yong. * * In the eighteenth year, the Kingdom of Tian Ping established its own political power, which lasted for fourteen years, affecting Yu Sheng. According to traditional history books, it is appropriate to set up a "record". In the draft of the Qing Dynasty, there were only a few figures such as Zhang Huangyan, Li Dingguo, Zheng Chenggong and Hong Xiuquan. There are sixteen records in the Draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty, which is more than that in the History of the Ming Dynasty in terms of diplomatic relations and transportation. However, some important contents, such as "religious records", are not recorded (religious records were first established and later deleted), that is, the compiled records are uneven. For example, Hequzhi only recorded the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Canal and Yongding River, but left the most important Yangtze River, others, such as. Tianwenzhi only records the Qianlong period, and astronomy in the second half has no content. The "Eight-line Logarithm Table" collected in Shi Xian Zhi is a general mathematics reference book that middle school students should learn and master, and it is meaningless in Qing history. Its list includes ten categories, including useless tables such as consorts, but it is lacking in the chronology of ministers in the Prime Minister's Office. The setting of biographies is even more chaotic. According to textual research, one person passed on 14, and women passed on hundreds. Most of them are victims of feudal laws and regulations, which have no obvious significance, but there are no biographies of some important figures such as Yan Fu. It is even more absurd to include Wang Guowei, who threw himself into the lake in the Republic of China 16, in the biography of loyalty and righteousness in the Qing Dynasty. From the feudal standpoint of the Qing dynasty, the draft of Qing history has some outstanding shortcomings, such as unclear style and confusion.
Nowadays, the compilation of the history of the Qing Dynasty must reflect the system, historical events and important figures of the Qing Dynasty, reveal the laws and trends of historical development, and be cautious and clear in formulating the style.
5. The textual research on historical events is not detailed.
Due to the limited historical materials used, the manuscript of Qing History was written in a hurry, and many historical events were not verified in detail, with many mistakes and inaccuracies. At that time, Fu Zhenlun's comments on the Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty were numerous, and Mr. Rong Geng criticized him for "drawing inferences from others". After a comprehensive and systematic cleaning of the book, Taiwan Province scholars checked and annotated all the right and wrong, similarities and differences, deviations, gains and losses, and proofread more than 47,000 notes. Even so, according to some scholars' research, there are still many mistakes that have not been corrected, which shows that there are countless mistakes and inaccuracies in the draft of Qing History. Its errors mainly include inaccuracies in time, place, place name, person, name, official position and title. Most of them are caused by not doing detailed inspection. For example, Princess Shou Engulun, the sixth daughter of Daoguang, was listed as "born in December of Daoguang ten years, and died in April of Xianfeng nine years, thirty-eight" in the princess list. This mistake is obvious, either a clerical error or a typographical error. Another example is The Legend of Loyalty and Righteousness, in which Bao claimed that Baocun Village in Zhuji, Zhejiang Province refused the Taiping Army and "fought dozens of battles and killed hundreds of thousands of thieves" until it failed. "The dead in the village covered more than 600,000 people". Imagine what an important battle it was that the Taiping Army sacrificed 10 million people. Who has seen a big village with more than 600,000 people? The editor obviously didn't take analysis into account when using historical materials. Wait, these are all compilation errors, accounting for the vast majority. There is another kind, which belongs to the research conclusion at that time and was later overturned and corrected. For example, Chronicle of Ancestors said that Li Zicheng "fled to Jiugong Mountain to hang himself". Now people think that Li Zicheng was killed by the local landlord, not hanged himself.
Respondent: fen keng 123- Chief Operating Officer 13 10- 12 02:55.