1On the night of July 7th, 937, when the Japanese army was exercising near Lugou Bridge in the southwest of Beiping, they asked to enter Wanping County for a search on the pretext that a soldier was "missing", but 29 army, the defender of China, refused. The Japanese army then shot at the defenders of China and shelled the ancient city of Wanping. The 29th Army rose up against Japan. The July 7th Incident was the beginning of Japanese imperialism's full-scale war of aggression against China and the starting point of the Chinese nation's full-scale war of resistance.
On July 28th, 1937, the Japanese army stormed Nanyuan and Beiping, and Tong, the deputy commander of the first 29 army, and Zhao, the division commander of 132, were martyred one after another. The next day, Beiping fell. On the 30th, Tianjin fell.
2. Battle of Songhu
1August, 937 13, the Japanese army at Hainan Railway Station was first bombed by the national army, although the Japanese army sent troops to Shanghai (increased to 500,000 three months later) and began to attack Shanghai; The Republic of China sent an elite Central Army and a large number of mainland provincial armies (including Sichuan Army, Yunnan Army, Guangxi Army, Guangdong Army, Hunan Army, etc. ), a total of 700,000 people, fought bloody battles with the Japanese army for three months, smashing its strategy of "national subjugation in March". This is the Battle of Shanghai and Shanghai. Feng Yuxiang was the commander of the third war zone commanding the Shanghai campaign, and later Chiang Kai-shek personally served as the commander.
After the Lugouqiao Incident, Chiang Kai-shek took the initiative to fight back in Shanghai in order to change the direction of Japanese invasion from north to south to east and west for a long time. About 654.38+0000 troops from China and Japan went into battle, and the battle itself lasted for three months. The Japanese army invested more than 200,000 people in 8 divisions and 2 brigades, and announced more than 40,000 casualties. China's army invested more than 800,000 people in the most elite Central Teaching Corps, 87th Division, 88th Division,148th Division and 62nd Brigade, and counted 300,000 casualties by itself.
In the Battle of Songhu, the Japanese army suffered heavy losses due to the stubborn resistance of the Kuomintang. For China, this campaign marked the real beginning of the undeclared all-out war between the two countries, and the regional conflict after the Lugouqiao Incident escalated into all-out war, completely smashing the Japanese plan of "destroying China in three months".
3. Battle of Taiyuan
1In mid-September, 937, the Battle of Taiyuan broke out. The Eighth Route Army 1 15 Division (division commander Lin Biao and deputy division commander Nie) won the battles of Pingxingguan, Xinkou and Niangziguan under the leadership of the commander of World War II, breaking the myth that the Japanese army was invincible.
The battle of Taiyuan, which lasted for two months, was the largest, fiercest, longest-lasting and most striking battle in North China at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War. The total strength of the Japanese army in the war was about four and a half divisions * * * 1.4 million, with nearly 30,000 casualties. China's army participated in the war with a total strength of 6 group armies and 52 divisions (brigades) totaling more than 280,000 people, with 65,438+10,000 casualties. The final battle ended in the defeat of China, and the regular war of the National Revolutionary Army in North China came to an end.
4. Nanjing Defence War
In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), 12, 1, the Japanese army base camp issued the "Mainland No.8 Order", ordering the Central China Army to cooperate with the navy and capture Nanjing in three ways. Chiang Kai-shek appointed Tang Shengzhi as Commander-in-Chief of the Capital Garrison to deploy the Nanjing Defence War. Due to the disparity between the enemy and ourselves, the gate of Nanjing was successively captured by the Japanese army, and the defenders resisted and sacrificed countless times.
12, Tang Shengzhi orders from Chiang Kai-shek to order the defenders to retreat. Due to the chaotic retreat, most of the defenders were stranded in the city and slaughtered by the Japanese army, resulting in heavy losses. 65438+February 65438+March, Nanjing fell, and the Japanese army began the terrible Nanjing Massacre.
5. Xuzhou Battle
19381From October to May, China and Japan fought a large-scale defense war in the railway areas of Jinpu (Tianjin to Pukou) and Longhai (Baoji to Lianyungang) centered on Xuzhou, Jiangsu. Among them, 1938 was the most famous Taierzhuang War in March and April, which was called Taierzhuang victory in history because it surrounded more than 10,000 Japanese troops.
In Xuzhou Battle, China suffered more than 65,000 casualties, and the Japanese army suffered more than 26,000 casualties in Xuzhou Battle. Xuzhou Battle dealt a great blow to the Japanese army, greatly delayed the pace of Japanese attack, and bought time for China to deploy Wuhan Battle.
Baidu Encyclopedia-War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (Chinese Nation Comprehensive War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression)