The story of orphan Zhao is true.
According to historical records, after Zhao Dun's death, his son Zhao Shuo succeeded to the throne. In the third year of Duke Jing of Jin, Zhao Shuo, as the general of the State of Jin, led troops to save Zheng and fought a battle on the river. Because of this war, Zhao Shuo married Zhao Zhuangji, the elder sister of Duke Jing of Jin.
The following story is divided into two versions, the Zuozhuan version and the Historical Records version.
Zhao Orphan in Zuo Zhuan
In 587 BC, Zhao Shuo also died, and his wife had an affair with her half-brother, Zhao. This kind of incest was not uncommon in the Spring and Autumn Period, but most people in the Zhao family didn't like it. Zhao Shuo's other two uncles, Zhao Kuo and Zhao Tong, couldn't stand it, so they exiled Zhao to Qi. When Zhao left, he said, "With me here, Luan Shu, though in power, wouldn't dare to do anything to the Zhao family. If I leave, I'm afraid I'll be in trouble. "
Zhao Zhuangji was so angry that she was carried away by anger and put all the bills on Scott's head. She teamed up with Luan and those who had a grudge against Scott to deal with him. Several forces took turns framing Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo for rebellion in front of Duke Jing of Jin. Duke Jing of Jin believed it and killed Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo.
After killing someone, Zhao Zhuangji suddenly realized a problem. He killed Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo, and Zhao Jiake left his son, while Luan Shi and Shi became stronger and stronger. Isn't this busy eating and making wedding clothes for others? Just get it. Zhao Zhuangji took Wu Zhao to the palace of the State of Jin to protect him from Luan and Xi.
After Duke Jing of Jin killed Zhao Tong, he wanted to give Zhao's land to Qi Xi's family. At this point, Zhao finally someone spoke. Han Zeng, the ruling doctor of the State of Jin, said: "Zhao Shuai, Zhao Dun and Zhao Shuo of Zhao have made great contributions to the country, but they have lost their children and land. What will future generations think? How can you be loyal to your country? " This sentence saved Zhao Yi's life and finally achieved the Warring States Period. Zhao's land was left behind, and then returned, and the Zhao family was revived.
Zhao Orphan in Historical Records
After his death, Zhao Shuo took over the position of assistant king, and was also ready to attack Zhao. General Han Biao let Zhao Shuo escape, but Zhao Shuo refused, saying, "As long as the general promises me not to stop my descendants from destroying Zhao, I will die without regret." But he never thought about how serious the consequences would be. Without the permission of Duke Jing of Jin, Tu'an Gu led an army to besiege the Summer Palace where Zhao Shuo lived, killing Zhao Shuo and his uncles and destroying his family.
In this catastrophe, only three people survived: Zhao Shuo's wife, Gongsun Chujiu, the janitor of Zhao Shuo, and Cheng Ying, a good friend of Zhao Shuo. Cheng Ying told Gongsun Chujiu a big secret: "Zhao Shuo's wife is pregnant." Zhao Shuo's wife hid in Jin Palace for several months, and finally gave birth to a baby boy.
Tu'an Gu soon learned the news and asked the children in the palace. Obviously, Duke Jing of Jin has no power at this time. Tu'an Gu guarded the door of the palace and came in to look for it himself. Zhao Shuo's wife had no choice but to take risks. She put the baby boy on her crotch and prayed, "If the sky is going to destroy Zhao, you can cry. Heaven doesn't want to destroy Zhao, so you can't cry. " After a thorough search, Tu'an Gu only saw Zhao Shuo's wife standing quietly, but couldn't find the baby. Thinking that the child must have been secretly removed, he searched outside the city, so that Zhao's mother and son survived.
Cheng Ying learned of this matter and quickly found Gongsun Chujiu to discuss it. Gongsun Chujiu suddenly asked Cheng Ying, "Which is more difficult, raising orphans or dying?" Cheng Ying replied, "It is easier to die than to raise orphans." Gongsun Chujiu said flatly, "Then you can take the hard ones and I will take the easy ones. Let me die first. "
The two found a baby and put it on the clothes of Zhao's orphan ... After all the arrangements were made, Cheng Ying suddenly said to the general who participated in the killing: "Who can give me a daughter, I will tell him the hiding place of the child immediately!" These generals are very happy, and Tu'an Gu is the happiest. Tu'an Gu immediately took out 2200 gold and gave it to Cheng Ying. Without further ado, Cheng Ying took these rebel soldiers to Gongsun Chujiu's home.
When Gongsun Chujiu met Cheng Ying, he scolded, "Cheng Ying, you little man! You didn't die in the palace, and you kept saying that you would raise orphan Zhao with me. You sold me today. Even orphans can't live, how can they have the heart to betray him! " With that, Gongsun Chujiu picked up the orphan and cried, "Oh, my God! What crime did the child commit? Please let him go and kill me Gongsun Chujiu. "
No one will even believe that this double-reed performance is fraudulent, and Gongsun Chujiu's last plea is also a kind of confession. Although it was not Scott's orphan who died, it was also an innocent child. But the generals didn't give Gongsun Chujiu this hope and killed Gongsun Chujiu and the poor baby. The generals thought Scott's orphan was dead, and they were all very happy. So Scott's orphans were preserved and hidden in the mountains by Cheng Ying. This child is the future Wu Zhao.
In the fifteenth year of Jin Jinggong, Jin Jinggong suddenly fell ill, and Han Xian told him the whole truth. When the generals who participated in the killing of Scott came to meet them, they were all won by the Han Jue. Soon, Wu Zhao led an army to attack Tu'an Gu, and Tu'an Gu was wiped out.
When Wu Zhao came of age, Cheng Ying resigned from public office and bid farewell to doctors. Then he told Wu Zhao, "When your family was in trouble, I didn't die because I wanted to raise you. Now, this wish has come true and the Zhao family has been reset. I still have the face to see Zhao Shuo and Gongsun Chujiu. " Wu Zhao cried and said to Cheng Ying, "How could you have the heart to leave me?" Cheng Ying said, "Gongsun Chujiu has left me hope for life. He chose to die because he thought I could raise you. When things are done today, I should fulfill my previous commitments. " Say that finish, Cheng Ying committed suicide. "Historical Records" said: "Wu Zhao served Cui Zi for three years to sacrifice the city and the Spring and Autumn Ancestral Hall, which he will never lose."
Why are people's suspicions so different?
Why are the historical records of the same event so different?
Some people have made textual research and analysis on the relevant data of "the difficulty of entering the palace" contained in Historical Records, and come to the following conclusion: the so-called "Zhao orphan" in Historical Records has many fictional elements.
First, the historical facts of the so-called "legacy of Zhao" are not credible.
There are not many records about Zhao Shuo in history books, but after Zhao Dun's death, Zhao Shuo took his place. In the third year of Duke Jing of Jin, Zhao Shuo fought against Chu as the commander-in-chief of the following armies, and his political status was still higher than that of Zhao Tong, Zhao Kuo and Zhao Ying. Since then, there is no news of the Zhao family in the historical records, and it may die young. Then, it is said that Zhao Ying committed adultery with Zhao Zhuangji. According to this time interval, it is impossible for Zhao Zhuangji to have posthumous title's abdomen of Zhao Shuo in Gong Jing for seventeen years. According to Zuo Zhuan, in June, livestock of Zhao Tong, Zhao Kuo and Wu Cong were invited to the palace. "Guoyu. Yu Jin Jiu is also called From Jishi to Palace. It can be seen that when Wu Zhao was young, he lived with his mother and his uncle (Jin Jinggong). From this point of view, it is not enough to believe in "searching for orphans to save them" and the relevant records of Gongsun Chujiu and Cheng Ying.
Secondly, the scope of punishment for "the difficulty of entering the palace" in Historical Records is obviously wrong.
In order to investigate the murder of Jin Linggong, he "came uninvited, attacked the Zhao family in the Summer Palace, killed Zhao Shuo, Zhao Tong, Zhao Kuo and Zhao Ying, and destroyed their families." There is no mention of the families of Zhao Chuan and Zhao Fang, the masterminds of regicide, who were all doctors in the Qing Dynasty. And "Historical Records" and "Zuo Zhuan" all said that it was only Zhao Kuo and Zhao Tong's brother family who were punished at that time. In Zuo Zhuan, Zhao Ying committed adultery with Zhao Zhuangji and died in Lv Chenggong for five years (586 BC). Although there is no textual research on the specific age of Zhao Shuo's death, Zhao Ying had to commit adultery with Zhao Zhuangji, indicating that Zhao Shuo was indeed dead at that time. If Zhao Ying and Zhao Shuo's uncles died when the Xia Gong disaster occurred, the loopholes in Records of the Historian would be obvious.
Third, the historical records are contradictory about the time when the Summer Palace disaster occurred (the third year of Emperor Jin Jing, that is, the first 597 years).
Sima Qian's The Book of Jin Family and Historical Records Chronology of Twelve Governors clearly recorded that this happened in the seventeenth year of Duke Jing of Jin (583 BC). The same is true of the relevant records in Zuo Zhuan. Three years later, Zhao participated in many historical events. For example, in the sixth year of Duke Jing of Jin (594 BC), "Duke Jing of Jin ordered Zhao Tong to offer Di as a weekly prisoner." In the fifth year of Lv Chenggong (586 BC), Zhao Ying committed adultery with Zhao Zhuangji and was exiled by Zhao Kuo and Zhao Tong. In the 12th year of Duke Jing of Jin Dynasty (588 BC), Liu Qing was appointed at the beginning of Jin Dynasty, and both Zhao Kuo and Zhao Fang were ministers. It can be inferred that "the difficulty of entering the palace" could not have happened in the third year of Jin Dynasty.
Fourth, about the time of Wu Zhao's reconstruction.
Both Zhao and Han said that it was difficult to enter the palace in the third year of King Jin Jing (597 BC). Fifteen years later, in the seventeenth year of King Jin Jing (583 BC), Wu Zhao was re-established. However, the records in Chunqiu, Zuozhuan and Jin are completely different. "The Seventeen Years of the Jin Dynasty" records that "Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo were killed and the clan was destroyed. Han Biao said,' Can you forget the achievements of Zhao Shu and Zhao Dun? "Why not sacrifice!" It was only after his son was restored to Zhao that he restored the city. Chronology of Twelve Governors in Historical Records in the 17th year of Jin Dynasty: "Later Zhao." It can be seen that the time interval between Zhao's rule and reconstruction is not far away. It can also prove that it was indeed Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo who were punished at that time. As the nephew of Duke Jing of Jin, Wu Zhao lives in the palace with his mother. It seems that he has not been affected by this incident.
Things to be dealt with later (when telling a story)
What is the story of orphan Zhao? Now it can only be inferred from ancient historical records. Perhaps with the further development of archaeology, new historical materials will bring us a new direction.