The official name of the Knights Templar is "Poor Christ and Solomon Templar". It was founded around118, and its members were mainly crusaders from France. The founder of this order originally lived in a corner of Jerusalem Palace, adjacent to the Church of the Savior, and its original site was an Arab Islamic mosque. It is said that this place used to be the temple of King Solomon. The name "Knights Templar" comes from this and is sometimes translated into "Knights Templar". Another way of saying it: It is said that King Baldwin II of Jerusalem at that time allocated a part of the courtyard in the Jewish Temple to French knights as their residence, hence the name.
There are three levels in this independent order: knight, sergeant and priest. Their symbol is a red cross. Knights wear white coats and sergeants wear black coats. Then the regiment quickly developed into a powerful military force. Privileges granted by the Pope, donations from monarchs and princes, and their plunder made them quickly gather a lot of wealth. He owns a lot of real estate in East and West Europe, and also engages in usury and currency industry in Western Europe. The Knights Templar gradually became one of the most powerful and wealthy monks in the Catholic Church.
However, as the saying goes, it is wealth and power that bring destruction to the Templars. /kloc-At the end of 0/3, after all the colonies established in the east by feudal lords in western Europe were wiped out, the Knights Templar was forced to leave Palestine and move to France, Britain and Spain. Philip IV, who ruled France at that time, was in dire financial difficulties. For the purpose of coveting the property of the Templars, he secretly conspired with Pope Clemente V, who was sheltered by him, accusing the Templars of heresy, and issued a secret order on September 1307 to arrest all the Templars in France. As a result, almost all members of the Order, including Jacques de Mali, head of the Order, and Hugo de Perot, deputy, were put into the torture room of the Inquisition, and a large number of Templars were tortured to death during the trial, and the organization of the Order also collapsed. 13 12, Pope Clement V ordered the formal dissolution of the Knights Templar.
According to statistics, Philip IV plundered 654.38+0.42 million Livermore by banning the Templars. Surprisingly, however, the fabricators of the evil religious plans of the Templars also died one after another. 1365438+On April 20th, 2004, just one month after Mali was burned to death, Clement V died of lupus erythematosus. In the same year1October 29th 165438, Philip IV was killed while hunting. At that time, it was widely rumored that Moray had hooked them to hell to be judged by God. However, there is even more tragic retribution: in the French Revolution of 1789, the place where King Louis XVI of France was imprisoned happened to be the headquarters of the French Knights Templar-Tampell Temple, from which he was guillotined.
Knights of Teutonic Order: From Glory to Death
The Teutonic Order is the latest of the three knights, but it is the most influential one. It was established in Palestine in 1 198. Mainly composed of German knights, wearing white coats and black crosses. The white cloak is painted with red swords and crosses. /kloc-At the beginning of the 3rd century, under the leadership of its leader von Salza, the organization moved its activity center from the Middle East to Eastern Europe. 1226, at the call of Conrad, Duke of Mazovia, Poland, the Teutonic Order went to Poland to attack the Prussians, Poland's old enemy. Conrad made a contract with the Teutonic Knights: the Knights were responsible for attacking Prussia, and Conrad signed an agreement to give the Knights a territory between Torun and Herono as a reward. Conrad's short-sighted policy of luring wolves into the room has done great harm to Poland in the future. 1237, after the Teutonic Order merged with the Fine Sword Order stationed on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, its power soared and it became a powerful political force in Eastern Europe. In the following 50 years, the Teutonic Order firmly controlled Prussia, thus forming a situation that contained Polish territory from both east and west and directly threatened Polish national security.
From the end of 14 to the beginning of 15, it was the heyday of the Teutonic Order. He was not satisfied with the infiltration of Poland, but also extended his hand of aggression to Lithuania, from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. 1346, Teutonic knights seized Estonia from the Danes. In addition, the Teutonic Order has its own territory in southern Italy, Greece, Spain and France, with the largest territory in Germany. The territory of Teutonic Order in Northeast Europe blocked the ports of Poland, Lithuania and Russia to the Baltic Sea. So the forces of all ethnic groups in Poland, Russia and Lithuania United against their enemy, the Teutonic Knights.
14 10, Poland and Lithuania formed an alliance to March on the Teutonic Order occupying Polish territory. /kloc-in July of 0/5, the famous battle of Grinvald (called Battle of Tannengburg in German literature and translated into Battle of Tannengburg in Chinese) was held. One side of the battle is the Polish, Lithuanian and Russian Coalition forces led by Polish King Vladislav II Ajello, as well as the Czech and Hungarian volunteers, with a total of 32,000 people, mainly infantry; On the other hand, with the support of Germany and Hungary, Germanic knights invested 27,000 people, mainly heavy cavalry in armor. As a result of the battle, most of the knight's troops were annihilated, and all the commanders below the head cloud were killed. The allied forces won the battle completely.
Since then, the Teutonic Knights began to decline. 1454, the war between Poland and Teutonic knights resumed. 1462, in the final battle of Parker, the Teutonic Order was defeated again and its head was captured. 1466, the Order was defeated by Poland for the third time and was forced to sign the Torun Peace Treaty with Poland. Although East Prussia is still under the rule of the Knights, it legally belongs to the Kingdom of Poland. The Teutonic Order became a vassal of the Kingdom of Poland, and half of its members were Poles. 1525, albrecht, head of the Order, changed East Prussia into a secular Prussian principality. The Order lost its original prominent position, but it remained until 1809 when it was dissolved. Later, it was restored in 1834, but the Teutonic order after that was completely different from the strong Teutonic order country in the original sense.
Knight of Mountain Pond: Glory and Present Situation in History
The prototype of Shantang Knight appeared around 1070 before the First Crusade. Its task is to do some "charity" work, such as protecting western Christians who come to the "holy land", providing accommodation for pilgrims, treating sick Christians and so on, hence the name. Its members gathered around the "St. John's Temple" in Jerusalem, so it was also called the "Knights of John".
However, after the end of the First Crusade, the purpose of Shantang Knights began to change. Their leaders decided that some members would continue to do charity work for hungry and sick pilgrims, but their central task was to build a well-trained and disciplined knight army, which gradually became a purely feudal knight military group and existed in Palestine for nearly 200 years. Its clothing is a black coat with a white cross, and later it was changed into a red coat.
/kloc-at the beginning of the 0/4th century, the Order had to move to Rhode Island in the eastern Mediterranean in 13 10. 1522, Ottoman Sultan Su Liman I launched a large-scale attack on Rhode Island in order to relieve the worries of invading Europe. Although the Knights only have more than 500 knights and more than 6,000 soldiers, they are fearless in the face of 200,000 strong enemies and have fought bravely for more than half a year. Although finally forced to surrender, the Turkish army paid a heavy price of at least 50 thousand lives. Su Liman I admired the courage of the knights, so he chartered the enemy to leave the island safely on June 1 523+1October1.
1530, Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire agreed to hand over Malta Island and its nearby Gozo Island to the Knights of Shantang. As a result, the knights established their own country on the island of Malta, which was officially called the "Knight State of Malta".
Since then, the Knights of Shantang have entered its heyday, and warships marked with Maltese octagonal crosses on their sails are rampant in the Mediterranean. In the18th century, the territory of the Order reached as far as St. Croix Island in the American West Indies. 1794, shortly after the independence of the United States, this knight country recognized it and established diplomatic relations with it. Malta was much bigger than the United States at that time.
1798, the French army led by Napoleon drove the Knights out of Malta on the way to Egypt, and the Knights once again became the end of the world. It was not until 1834 that they took root in Rome, Italy. Since then, they have turned to charity again, which has continued to this day, and changed its name to "Knights of Military Paramedics in Jerusalem, Rhode Island and St. John of Malta".
Today, the headquarters of the Order owns the Malta Building, a commercial street in Rome, whose symbol is the initials S.M.O.M Like Montaigne, this land belongs to them. Although the Knights Order has only dozens of official citizens and only this building covering an area of 65,438+2,000 square meters, it has established diplomatic relations with 87 countries in the world.
At present, the mission operates dozens of Christian hospitals and clinics around the world, collecting membership fees and charitable donations. Issue your own passport, currency and stamps. However, in the world trade activities, people can't see the knight's currency "Scudo". Besides, knight stamps can only be used when sending letters to Burkina Faso in Africa and Macau in China. In fact, most of the money and stamps of the Knights Club have been purchased and collected by fans all over the world.
Today's Knights are very rich, and their income comes from the battlefield rescue and disaster relief work it organized during wars and natural disasters. Moreover, it also has many planes, of course, it has to use foreign airports, because the palm-sized site of the order itself is not as big as an ordinary airport.
At present, the Order has more than 12000 knights in the world, including Spanish King Juan Carlos, former Italian Prime Minister Francisco Corsica, former US Treasury Secretary william simon, New York Catholic Terrence Cook and other celebrities. Knights can be sold, and the prices vary from country to country. For example, in the United States, each title costs $50,000, while in Malta, it only costs $2,000, but after that, it has to pay 1.250 every year. Americans who have no aristocratic tradition are particularly keen on noble titles such as knights in order to look noble. At present, there are 2300 knights in the United States, which is the country with the largest number of knights except Italy.
The Origin and Disintegration of the Knights of Fine Sword
Although the rapier order does not belong to the three knights, it has also exerted considerable influence in history and has also been incorporated into the Teutonic Order. Therefore, here is a brief introduction to its emergence and ending.
The Knights of the Sword Pole is a religious feudal military organization in Germany, which was founded in 1202 with the support of Pope Innocent III. It was named because its knight's white cloak was painted with a red sword and a cross. At the beginning of13rd century, it invaded Livonia on the east coast of the Baltic Sea in the name of spreading Christianity, so it was also called "Livonia Knights". 1240, the Knights, together with Danish and Swedish feudal lords, invaded Russia, occupied Pskov city, continued eastward, and advanced to Novgorod city. 1April 5, 242, the famous "ice war" broke out on the frozen Lake Chude. As a result, Novgorod's army won and the Knights were expelled from Russia. Since then, they have never dared to expand eastward. By the beginning of the16th century, the Knights gradually fell apart due to internal contradictions and split into several different territories.
Around the struggle for the legacy of the Knights, it has evolved into an international war for the sovereignty of the Baltic Sea-the Livonia War. 1558 65438+ 10, Russian Tsar Ivan IV launched the Livonia War on the pretext that the Order of Livonia and Lithuania joined forces against Russia. 1560 In August, the main force of the Knights was attacked by Russian troops, and the general commander Furstenberg was captured. 1561165438+1On October 28th, the new head of the Order, Gothard kotler, signed a contract with Polish King Zygmont II in Vilnius to hand over Livonia to Lithuania, and the Order returned to the secular world, establishing principalities in Kurland and Semigalia, which belonged to Poland and Lithuania. In March of the following year, the Order of Livonia, which existed for 360 years, officially disintegrated. Originated from network sharing. . . . . .