The legislative system for the protection of cultural ancient cities in China adopts the combination of national legislation and local legislation. The state formulates national protective laws and normative documents, and local governments formulate local laws and normative documents within the scope of legislative authority. Compared with the legal systems of Britain, France, Japan and other countries, the legal system for the protection of historical and cultural cities in China is relatively backward, mainly because the national laws and regulations for the protection of historical and cultural heritage in China are not perfect. In the three-level protection composed of cultural relics, historical and cultural protection areas and historical and cultural cities, the legal system of cultural relics protection is relatively perfect. At present, there are few normative documents of famous cities and protected areas, lacking corresponding laws and regulations, and the legislation of historical and cultural protected areas is almost blank.

The serialization of British legislation is based on national legislation, which provides more detailed regulations on the establishment of historical sites, registered buildings, protected areas and historical ancient cities at different levels, such as protected objects, protected institutions and groups, local government functional fund policies. Local governments mainly implement and interpret these legal provisions and provide planning guidance, construction and protection consultation for the public. At the same time, they have supplemented and deepened the national legislation by formulating local planning and normative documents. The most striking feature is to incorporate the supervision and legislative participation of protection organizations into legislation and law enforcement procedures.

The French protection legislation system fully combines national legislation and local legislation, and takes the Antiquities Law and the malraux Law as the core, and formulates protection laws at two levels: the object of protection, the protection method and the principle content of protection funds. According to the characteristics of the city and urban planning, the local government has formulated more detailed, in-depth and targeted protection, management, control, regulations and normative documents. The combination of perfect national legislative framework and flexible and meticulous local legislation is the characteristic of French legal system for the protection of historical and cultural heritage.

Japan's protection legislation system is similar to that of France, and it also adopts the way of combining national and local legislation. The difference is that the object of Japan's national legislative protection is often only to determine that the most important part of the national historical and cultural heritage is the responsibility of the central government, while the protection of a wider area is established by local governments through local legislation. Take the Japanese ancient capital protection law of 1966 as an example, its protection objects are limited to Kyoto, Naraichi, Kamakura, Hotan, Sakurai, Tahara, Banmachi and Akira Village in Nara Prefecture, while the non-historical terroirs in Kyoto are not protected by the ancient capital protection law, supplemented by other laws and regulations formulated by the local government of Kyoto, such as the Regulations on Kyoto Scenic Areas. Similarly, similar areas in other cities also have legislative protection, such as the Regulations on the Protection of Historical Environment and the Regulations on the Protection of Traditional Scenery. The names, scope, protection methods and sources of funds of these protected areas are determined by local laws and regulations formulated by local governments themselves. The same is true in areas where traditional buildings are preserved in Japan's Cultural Relics Protection Law. Local governments can set up their own traditional building protection zones, formulate protection regulations and draw up protection plans. On this basis, the state selects important areas as important areas for the protection of traditional buildings and brings them into the protection scope of the central government. Therefore, the legislative system of Japan's historical and cultural heritage protection is essentially based on local legislation, which is one of its important characteristics.

Although different countries have different legislative systems and protection priorities, they all have the following common characteristics:

1. The perfection of national laws and regulations is coordinated with their respective historical and cultural heritage protection systems, forming a complete legal framework for the protection of historical and cultural heritage.

2. Providing financial guarantee for the protected object is one of the important contents of national laws. The content of financial guarantee often includes not only the object of capital investment, but also the institution providing funds, and even the specific amount and proportion, which are very detailed and implemented. Most of the documents in the main protection laws in Britain involve the provisions of protection fees and their sources; The provisions on financial subsidies in the two most important French laws, the Historical Monuments Act and the malraux Act, are also one of the most important contents. Japan not only stipulates the source of funds in legal documents, but also clearly stipulates the proportion of capital contribution by national and local governments. The legislative guarantee of protection funds is an important guarantee for countries to protect historical and cultural heritage.

3. The contents of legal documents are highly operational. On the basis of defining the object and scope, legal documents only limit the methods and means of protection in principle, while the procedures of protection management, the respective responsibilities and relations of state, local and non-governmental organizations, as well as the sources of protection funds and the provisions on penalties for violations are more detailed and strict. That is to say, while strictly controlling and restricting the protection management process itself, it gives certain flexibility to the specific protection practice, which undoubtedly makes the regulations have the dual characteristics of operability and adaptability.

Sources of investment in the protection of historical and cultural cities

Although Britain and Japan have many differences in the content system and management system of historical and cultural heritage protection, they are very similar in the financial security system. They have in common the following four aspects:

1. The financial allocation of the state and local governments is the main source of protection funds, and the amount of funds is huge and increasing year by year.

2. Promote the cooperation of local government funds with state investment, supplemented by multi-party cooperation of social groups, charities and individuals. The share of national and local funds is determined by the object of protection and its importance. For example, in Japan, the national and local governments each bear 50% of the subsidies for traditional architectural preservation areas. For the conservation areas determined by the Ancient Capital Conservation Law, the state contributes 80%, and the local governments bear 20%, while the conservation areas determined by the Urban Landscape Regulations are generally solved by the local governments themselves.

3. Combination of financial security and legislative system. The amount or quantity of financial subsidies for the guaranteed object is clearly stipulated in the legislation, which provides legislative guarantee for the long-term stability of the source of funds. For example, 13 In Britain, more than half of the important laws or amendments on protection from 1982 to 1990 clearly stipulate the amount or proportion of protection subsidies, which shows that capital guarantee has become an important part of British protection legislation.

4. The formulation of various relevant policies provides a multi-channel and multi-level financing method for security. Such as tax reduction or exemption, loans, public utilities grants, lottery tickets, self-financing and other forms. Comparatively speaking, there is a considerable gap in the absolute amount of capital investment, the channels and methods of fund raising, and the coordination and guidance of policies in the protection of historical heritage in China.

Comparison of Tourism Resources Development between Chinese and Foreign Famous Historical and Cultural Cities

Compare the development of tourism resources of famous historical and cultural cities at home and abroad, and absorb and use their successful experiences; Learn from his failure. This is of great benefit to the development of urban tourism, making historical and cultural cities play their advantages in the new situation and promoting urban economic growth. Most historical and cultural cities at home and abroad once owned city walls, but few of them have been preserved now, so the development and utilization of city wall sites is a problem that many cities must face. In places with well-preserved city walls, you can carry out activities such as traveling around the city, such as Xi 'an. In more cities, only part of the city walls, gates and even some bricks are missing, which can only prove the base address of the city walls.

The wall of the famous German city Bonn was built in 1244. German emperors were crowned in Bonn in 13 14 and 1346 respectively. Bonn became the capital of the local vassal state in18th century, and 1949 was designated as the temporary capital of Germany. 1898, when the city expanded the traffic road, the city wall became one of the serious obstacles. As a result, the demand for developing transportation overwhelmed the protection of historical sites, and the city wall became a victim. Fortunately, people successfully preserved a city gate and moved it from the fragile traffic passage to the vicinity of the General Post Office for protection and tourists' visit. The city gate of Bonn was preserved only after the new site was rebuilt. Today, the "Star Gate" behind the General Post Office is a must-see and photo-taking attraction in Bonn. /kloc-Munich, which rose in the middle of the 0/2 century, once had a magnificent city wall, which was completely demolished, leaving only three gates. Munich restored and protected the city gate on the basis of the original site and opened it to tourists. In order to make the city gate hole standing on the street not dull, Munich has set up many sculptures similar to the city gate style in other parts of the city, so that the ancient city is unified in form. The walls of Mü nster were completely destroyed. A belt-shaped garden around the city wall was built in the original site, with flowers and trees as landscaping and entertainment facilities, which not only served as a symbol and memorial of the city wall, but also showed the grand scale of the ancient city wall to tourists and provided them with places for entertainment and rest. This practice is worth emulating in other cities that have completely destroyed the characteristic form of the city wall, and its excellent effect is obvious to all.

Ancient architecture sites account for a large proportion of historical and cultural sites. The most effective way of development and utilization is to build museums, exhibition halls and miniature landscapes on the spot, or choose one or two important ones for restoration and reconstruction. Charlotte Castle Palace is one of the most important palaces in Berlin. Built in 1695, it is the bedroom of the Marquise Sophie Charlottenburg. This is a baroque building, resplendent and magnificent. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by war in World War II. After the war, the Berlin government restored the ruins in the same proportion as the original palace, and transformed it into a museum, displaying various historical relics such as paintings of frederick the great Palace and Castle. In Berlin, where museums are like forests, Charlottenburg Palace has the advantage of attracting most tourists because it not only has original historical and artistic products, but also has original architectural forms that other museums can't match.

Xi tourism master plan also pays attention to the development and utilization of architectural sites. The utilization of Epang Palace and Daming Palace sites has also been put on the agenda. Due to various reasons, the specific layout of Epang Palace cannot be verified, so we can only choose a place to build a museum according to the position and structure of the main palace that has been determined. The location, scale and structure of the main building of Daming Palace are relatively clear. On this basis, cultural tourism and archaeological tourism activities will be carried out, including the Five Halls, Zheng Xuan Hall and Linde Hall, and temporary sightseeing facilities will be built next to the ruins. The general idea of building Daming Palace Museum in an all-round way is to integrate the main palace of Daming Palace with the recreation hall of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty, and build a comprehensive recreation hall that fully reflects the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, so that the tourist area and the miniature landscape garden of Chang 'an in Han Dynasty will become the landmark parks of ancient cultural tourism in An.

The development and utilization of historical and cultural cities is an important part of urban historical and cultural protection and tourism industry planning, and is the main carrier of cultural and historical tourism. Urban cultural relics are diverse in types and rich in cultural forms. It is complicated to develop and utilize them on the basis of protection, but it also provides the possibility for the innovation of tourism development means. By comparing the tourism development of famous historical and cultural cities at home and abroad, we can see that it is the trend of tourism development of famous historical and cultural cities at home and abroad to further tap the potential of cultural relics, highlight their characteristics and display ancient civilization in a novel and unique way. Combining ancient remains with the pursuit of modern life, endowing ancient buildings and sites with new functions and uses, and making the ancient city look brand-new, has become the general trend of urban historical and cultural heritage protection planning and cultural tourism development in various countries.