People often think that China's literary martial arts and international reputation were very strong in the Han and Tang Dynasties, so they are collectively referred to as the prosperous times of Han and Tang Dynasties. However, in dealing with the relationship between the central and local governments, the two dynasties chose completely different paths. Under the background of decentralization in the early Han Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty took the road of increasing centralization, while the Tang Dynasty took the road of increasing decentralization under the background of high centralization in the early stage.
Why Han and Tang Dynasties were praised by later generations?
First, actively forge ahead with foreign cultures, and strive to absorb the essence of foreign cultures and make them become their own unique elite culture;
The second is the spirit of daring to show your sword to your opponent, so that you can be strong and die alone. . . . . Even if I die, you foreigners will not consider my family. The same is true in the Tang Dynasty, even if it is divided into several countries, hehe, you will not be proud of waiting for aliens. Only Song and Ming are regrets, but China's regrets. When it comes to sinners, Zhao Kuangyin is the first sinner through the ages. Although he achieved the prosperity of the Song Dynasty for 300 years, his ethnic policy was wrong, emphasizing literature over martial arts, which led to the subjugation of the Song and Ming Dynasties. I think that when five people were not careful, Ran Wang rose to the top and his success was ruined. Aliens will never enslave me in China. But changed, Yue Wumu did not die on the way to the charge, but died in his own hands.
In Zhenguan, there was an extraordinary man named Wang Xuance, who put down the rebellion of a country by himself. He was sent to Tianzhu, India to catch up with the coup in that country, to usurp the throne and detain them. Wang Xuance fled alone, borrowed more than 8,000 soldiers from Nepal and Tubo, and returned to Tianzhu National City. Lien Chan for three days, attacked the city and seized the land, usurped the throne and became king. Tianzhu shook, and more than 580 towns and villages joined the Tang Dynasty.
Han and Tang Dynasties were the best times for the Chinese nation. Emperors despise life and death, while heroes value commitment. At that time, the people were still warm-blooded. Self-confident, tolerant, open and splendid cultural diet. The bondage of ethics is not as abnormal as it was after the Song Dynasty, and women have gained unprecedented respect. Similar to the United States today, even many people are proud of being the Tang Dynasty. Prince Koryo would rather be a little general in the Tang Dynasty, and the king of the western regions stayed in the Tang Dynasty and didn't want to go home.
At that time, there were ten pieces of state banquet music, one of which was "Yanle"; Second, Le Qing; Third, "West Cool Music"; Fourth, Tianzhu music; 5. "Koryo Music"; 6. Qiuci music; 7. One Guo Le; Eight, Shule Le; Nine, "Kang Guole"; X. "Gao Changle". Look at how inclusive and confident he is! The literati at that time were frank and lovely, and despised imperial power. Li Bai is the best representative.
At that time, the ministers were noble and dignified, and the dialogue with the emperor relatively equal was supercilious. At that time, the soldiers were brave in pioneering, and the hot-blooded men, the generals set the Tianshan Mountains with three arrows, and the soldiers sang into the Han Pass. I'd rather be a junior officer to fight for my country than a white-faced scholar who only engraved his chapter. If you are a scholar Wan Huhou, please go to Lingyange temporarily. Look at the intellectuals at that time, not weak scholars who were helpless in the hands of later generations. At that time, people attached great importance to friendship and gave gifts to Wang Lun. At that time, you can enjoy many things that you will never see again, such as the sword-dancing equipment, General Pei's calligraphy, Zhang Xu's Weeds, and Wu Daozi, which was popular with Wu.
Han and Tang Dynasties are young people of our civilization. They are not richer, more complete and more developed in culture, system and economy than later generations, but they have unprecedented vitality and frivolity. This is the age of nobles and ambitious young people. They boldly and honestly pursue fame and fortune, and are eager to make achievements in foreign countries, and they will be sealed for thousands of miles. "A gentleman can't eat five pots when he is alive, but he has to cook five pots when he is dead." This is the age of rangers and heroes. Confucianism and ethics have not yet taken root among the broad masses of the people, affecting all aspects of people's lives. Simple and even primitive customs and habits are still planted in hardworking towns and villages. Many of them are unruly and even bloody. Therefore, there is a kind of honest and frank literati, a literati with clear love and hatred, and a literati who values commitment but despises life and death. And "ten steps to kill one person, a thousand miles to stay"
This is still an era on horseback, an era of spirit. There were many horses in the Han and Tang Dynasties, especially in the Tang Dynasty. Raising horses and riding horses are very popular all over the country. Men, women and children like horses as long as they have money. Strong men flourished in the Tang Dynasty, forged under horseshoes and collapsed in the neigh of horses. Compared with horse riding, people in Han and Tang dynasties followed the ancient habit of sitting and lying, and their living space was relatively low. Compared with Zongma, the slow pace of life in Han and Tang dynasties and the vigorous development of religion made people pay more attention to the blue sky of bronze mirrors, the inner world, and melt into Zen. This one is tall and short, one is fast and one is slow, which has infinite mystery!
Han and Tang dynasties are a person's adolescence. In our opinion, this person who is suitable for this age may have many defects: young and energetic, but he doesn't know his height, often arrogant and self-centered; He is rude, even unscrupulous, and often behaves extremely, and he is black and blue all over; His bones and muscles are not fully developed, but he is strong enough to show an indomitable nature. But we love him the most. He is very young. Even if I feel disgusted sometimes, I have to feel: it's good to be young. What a beautiful boy!
So besides Han and Tang dynasties, which dynasty can be compared with Han and Tang dynasties and called the third largest dynasty? Some people say Ming Dynasty, others say Qing Dynasty.
During the Ming Dynasty, many parts of Eurasia had not got rid of the rule of Mongolian fighters, and Europe had just begun the Renaissance. Zheng He's voyages to the West spread the national prestige of the Ming Dynasty far and wide, and the Ming Dynasty was a well-deserved leader in the world at that time. So what is the Qing Dynasty? What about the "prosperous times" that some scholars talk endlessly about?
The war between the Ming Dynasty and Japan took place in the Wanli period at the end of the Ming Dynasty. As we all know, in the end, the allied forces of China and North Korea won a great victory, and the Ming army headed by Li regained Pyongyang. The Ming navy headed by Deng Zilong and the North Korean navy jointly defeated the Toyotomi Hideyoshi navy and destroyed its ambition of dominating East Asia. The war between the Qing Dynasty and Japan took place during the Guangxu period in the late Qing Dynasty. This is familiar to everyone. The Qing army was defeated by Japan in Korea, and the Beiyang Navy was wiped out. It was a great shame to sign treaty of shimonoseki after the war.
In terms of science, technology and culture, the Qing Dynasty and mathematics have nothing to commend. In astronomy, the only masterpiece "The New Law of Xiao 'an" was written by Wang Xichan, a adherent of the Ming Dynasty, which can only be regarded as a work of the Ming Dynasty. In medicine, there is nothing to praise; In agronomy, there is nothing to praise; In terms of applied science and technology, there is nothing commendable; In military science, the artillery left over from the Ming Dynasty was also used to resist Britain in the Opium War.
In historiography, there is only one "Ming History" that falsifies history, because people in the literary inquisition dare not edit history. As for the "Sikuquanshu" advocated by some scholars, it is actually some politically sound works left after the ancient books were severely deleted and destroyed, which is really a cultural catastrophe; In literature, the ideas expressed in A Dream of Red Mansions are very negative. Ghost novels such as Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio actually reflect the gloomy social atmosphere under the literary inquisition of the Qing Dynasty. The so-called resurgence of ci is nothing more than the romantic love represented by Nalan ci, which can be fished out in every dynasty. "This is not the nonsense of later generations, but the appearance of Qing intellectuals described by Gong Zizhen, the people of A Qing dynasty.
The powerful Han Dynasty, the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the just Ming Dynasty are the three greatest dynasties in China history. Daming has no tyranny of Qin and Sui Dynasties, no blood clan of Han and Tang Dynasties, no coins of Song Dynasty, no cruelty of Yuan Dynasty, no ceded territory of Qing Dynasty, and the emperor protects the country and the king dies!