B: Asian beer
Gai: Gai Shijie-Infrastructure Planning Division-Senior Engineer
B: Tsinghua University is the most famous institution of higher learning in China and even in Asia. It has attracted the attention of the people all over the country. Can you share the advanced experience of campus planning and capital construction in Tsinghua University?
Guy: Some time ago, we just went to several universities in the south to do research. Generally speaking, each school has a set of effective practices and experiences according to the current tasks, which can solve the main problems and contradictions facing the current development stage, and is very worth learning and learning from. In terms of campus planning and capital construction, Tsinghua has several main features that can be used for reference by brother universities:
1 Tsinghua University main campus, located in the western suburbs of Beijing, originated from the royal gardens in the early Qing Dynasty. Since its founding in the early 20th century, Tsinghua University has been protected and utilized by campus administrators for nine times. During this period, under the impact of various campus construction trends such as American campus, Soviet campus and modern campus, the original mountain water system, spatial form and architecture. It is also very rare in the world to realize the orderly unification of campus planning, construction and development on the basis of royal gardens.
2. Since the 20th century, China's higher education has entered a real period of great development, and a nationwide upsurge in the construction of university towns and new campuses has taken shape. For example, Zhejiang University, Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University and other universities we visited in the south have successively carried out large-scale land acquisition and completed the construction of millions of square meters of school buildings in a relatively short period of time. Relatively speaking, the growth rate of planning and construction in Tsinghua is relatively slow, and there is no real new campus and university town construction. Instead, we choose the centralized development mode of concentrating all departments and students in the main campus, and complete the growth of all kinds of school space in the form of stock planning and building renewal. The land use structure reflects the characteristics of "dispersion" and "replenishment".
3. In terms of capital construction, Tsinghua University mainly adopts the management system of "integration of planning and construction, independent management mode, coexistence of various management modes such as PM". Specifically, first of all, the campus planning function and the capital construction function are uniformly set in the capital construction planning department of the school, which is beneficial to the campus planning management to run through and get through the whole process of engineering construction to ensure the overall orderly realization of campus planning; Secondly, in infrastructure management, the weak matrix model of parallel function system and project system is adopted, which takes into account the parallel processing of daily affairs (emphasizing wide coverage) and centralized management of major projects (emphasizing business depth), and most projects are completed within this system. At the same time, for some projects with relatively special investment mode and special construction technology, high-quality social resources have also been introduced, and project management mode and joint Party A mode have been tried. In the short term, it will still be dominated by self-management mode.
B: Education in the 21century must meet the needs of the information society, and the informatization construction in Tsinghua University is also worth learning from other schools. Does Mr. Gai have any personal understanding of this new type of campus information construction? Can you give some valuable experience and suggestions to schools that are transforming into campus information construction?
Gai: We are now in an era of big data application and management, which provides a very good background and technical support for the information construction of the campus. Campus informatization construction objectively requires standardization of management links and processes, otherwise informatization construction will become passive water. No matter how various information systems are, as long as colleges and universities realize the informationization of campus management data, it is a matter of infinite merit for campus management. The storage, statistics, analysis, release and sharing of these information and data will surely touch the existing campus management system and bring all-round changes to the current campus management. Regrettably, in the current informatization construction of campus management, we are relatively behind the informatization of urban management. From this frame of reference, what we should resist and guard against at present is not excessive informationization, but negative informationization and pseudo-informationization.
B: Can you explain to us what the management mode of university infrastructure is? What do you think is the development direction of China University's infrastructure construction model?
Gai: Although the management mode of capital construction in colleges and universities looks very different from the aspects of institutional setup and personnel composition, from the perspective of management subjects, the current management mode of capital construction in colleges and universities has basically formed two systems: self-management mode and escrow mode. The difference lies in the specific division of the interface between self-management and escrow. Considering the particularity of the internal and external policies and management environment of colleges and universities, the self-management model will surely exist for a long time and be in the dominant position in a certain period of time. However, it can not be ignored that the number of colleges and universities that choose the escrow mode is gradually increasing, and the scope of work of the escrow mode is also gradually expanding. The deep-seated reason for this trend is that, from the perspective of colleges and universities, one of the basic goals of current personnel reform is to reduce staff and increase efficiency, and the traditional all-inclusive infrastructure management organization system has become history; From the outside of colleges and universities, it has become the main work focus of governments at all levels to monitor and improve the management performance of infrastructure projects under the multi-channel investment system of agent construction system as a whole. Related division of responsibilities and charging standards are being introduced one after another, and more and more agent construction enterprises are beginning to enter the field of university infrastructure management. With this process, in the foreseeable future, the capital construction law of higher education will no longer be confined to the field of university infrastructure, but will be discussed, recognized and promoted on a more socialized and public platform, and the combination of university management power and social management power will also have more diversified situations and results.
B: For schools, the reinforcement of teaching buildings should be essential. Can you share your experience with other schools in this project?
G: There are six public teaching buildings in Tsinghua University. Among them, the teaching building 1 and the teaching building No.2, which were built in the 1950s, have been reinforced, and the teaching building No.345 was built in the 1980s, with only simple repairs. In order to adapt to the new educational development concept, the reinforcement of the teaching building is bound to be accompanied by transformation. As far as the engineering practice of "one teaching and two teaching" is concerned, I think the following points should be paid attention to:
First, the reinforced projects are all old buildings on campus, and countless alumni spent their youth here with deep memories. At the beginning of planning and design, the original important historical information should be collected, extracted and retained as much as possible, especially in key public areas such as foyer, porch, foyer, corridor and stairwell. When it comes to cultural preservation buildings, we should make great efforts to acquire and sort out historical materials.
Second, engineering problems should have the overall situation, do something and do nothing, and cannot meet the demand in the form of on-demand supply. Instead, we should adjust measures to local conditions, optimize and adjust appropriately on the basis of the original structural system and architectural pattern as far as possible, and should not make a fuss, especially the problems involving structural safety and fire safety must be given full attention;
Third, technical problems are always relatively easy to solve, but it is difficult for everyone to unify the construction concept. If we can fully realize the particularity of public teaching buildings? The teaching building open to all teachers and students is the main body of the educational environment in colleges and universities. It is necessary to create high-quality public spaces, spread new educational ideas in various ways and promote the spread of * * *. However, old buildings often have relatively cramped public space, relatively low quality, lack of public service facilities, lack of public art atmosphere, and lack of humanistic care for vulnerable groups. These problems should be paid full attention to in the process of transformation. Such a construction goal needs to play a leading role in the process of transformation, and as a breakthrough to solve contradictions, a lot of work can be carried out smoothly.
B: Can you share with us the development plan of infrastructure construction in Tsinghua University in the next few years?
G: In the next few years, we will mainly promote the following two tasks:
1. Planning level: under the framework of the master plan, special planning such as landscape, rain and flood, traffic, underground and municipal administration will be promoted, the operability of the master plan at the land plot level will be enhanced, and the planning system will be fully covered from the strategic level to the implementation level.
Second, the construction level: in terms of spatial development, we will further "improve the western region and develop the eastern region", comprehensively improve the basic conditions for running schools during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, speed up the construction of key disciplines and general scientific research houses, and consolidate the foundation of the two types of buildings.
B: Finally, if you please send a message to the school construction and administrators in China in one sentence, what do you want to say to them?
Guy: The process of cognitive construction is the process of cognitive education, and the process of cognitive education is the process of self-cognition. * * * Enjoy the process and * * * share it.