Personally, I think Britain in the19th century can be divided into two stages. Before the first stage was 1837, King George III and George IV ruled Britain respectively. During this period, due to the influence of Napoleon, Britain was in a state of foreign war for a long time, the country was in the era of industrial revolution, social changes were taking place and people's lives were greatly improved. In rural areas, the agricultural revolution has been initially completed, and the degree of agricultural commercialization is high. In cities, the middle class rises and the working class is born. 1837, George IV died, and his daughter queen victoria succeeded the king of England and the elector of Hanover. She was Queen Victoria and reigned for 63 years (1837- 190 1). During this period, Britain completed the industrial revolution, expanded its colonies overseas, and established a huge British empire, known as the "Sun never sets" empire. The Victorian era is considered to be the peak of the British industrial revolution and the heyday of the British empire's economy and culture.

In the Victorian era, Britain's politics, economy and society have undergone rapid changes. The industrial production capacity is greater than the world's total, and the foreign trade volume exceeds that of any country in the world. Britain's wealth attracted the attention of the old and new worlds. With the rise of the middle class and the working class, the British demanded that the "old system" formed since the "glorious revolution" be gradually changed. Through the parliamentary reforms of 1832 and 1867, Britain has established a modern government system, a civil service system, a judicial system and a parliamentary election system.

The Victorian period is famous for advocating moral cultivation and modesty, and it is also a prosperous period of great development of science, culture and industry. The development of printing promoted the unprecedented prosperity of literature and art, and during this period, the progressive ideas of gender equality and racial equality were formed, and the American abolitionist movement was the embodiment of this progressive idea.

At that time, people were very picky about food. In the Victorian era, there was the earliest cooking school in history, and cookbooks written by famous chefs were very popular in Britain. In this era, people first wrote down the specific cooking methods such as the amount of seasoning in detail. Some small kitchen utensils, such as can openers, became popular, and many dining manners were formed in the Victorian era.

The wave of scientific inventions surged in the Victorian era. Victorian people believed in scientific progress and were full of optimism and confidence in the industrial revolution. The appearance of steamboats has brought unprecedented prosperity to transportation and trade, and railway traffic extending in all directions runs through east, west, north and south.

The Victorian literary and artistic movements include classicism, neoclassicism, romanticism, impressionism and post-impressionism. The art world presents a spectacular scene of stars shining.

Many great writers, poets and their masterpieces emerged in the Victorian era, such as charlotte bronte (Jane Eyre), a British woman writer, and Charles Dickens (Oliver Twist), a famous realistic novelist.

It can be said that Britain in the19th century was a century of all-round prosperity in economy, society, science and culture, so that later generations said that19th century was the century of Britain.