Liu Bang, Xiao He and Chen Ping, the founding fathers of the Western Han Dynasty, didn't realize the separatist danger brought by the enfeoffment system, but they still implemented a certain scale of enfeoffment system without hesitation, which had many considerations for them. The first is to consolidate the rule of the new Han dynasty; Secondly, the advantages of enfeoffment outweigh the disadvantages; Finally, Liu Bangjun and his subjects knew how to treat the prince. First cut the princes with different surnames, and the princes with the same surnames will not move for the time being, so as to stabilize the Liu Han family and wait for the latter to solve it. The control of local governors in the Western Han Dynasty was not fixed, but experienced many twists and turns. From the initial enfeoffment of governors with different surnames to the removal of governors with different surnames, the remaining governors with the same surnames thrived. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty put down the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, and the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implemented the law of pushing favors. The local vassal power plummeted and weakened day by day, and finally it was completely controlled by the central government of the Western Han Dynasty.
From the replacement of three generations of Qi kings in the first and middle period of the Western Han Dynasty, we can intuitively see the change of the central government's control over local vassal States. Three generations of Qi kings, the first generation is Han Xin of three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty, the second generation is Liu Fei, the eldest son of Liu Bangshu, and the third generation is Liu Hong, the second son of Liu Che. Of course, it is not that there were only three kings of Qi in the Western Han Dynasty in the last hundred years, but that these three kings of Qi each represented a "faction" and a "stage".
Gas is Han Xin's gas.
During the Great Uprising at the end of the Qin Dynasty, rebel leaders from all over the country and the old nobles in the Warring States period were divided into one place and dominated the country. Qi, the original royal family field of Qi took the opportunity to occupy Qi and re-establish Qi. Xiang Yu entered Shanhaiguan to burn Xianyang, the Qin Dynasty officially perished, and the prelude of Chu-Han hegemony gradually opened. In the first year of Han Dynasty (206 BC), Liu Bang, who took martial arts as his vehicle, was defeated in the attack on Xiang Yu. He discussed with Sean and other advisers how to break Chu and seize the world: "I want to donate it to the east of Guankou and abandon it. Who can do it? " Sean replied: "Qing Bu, the king of Jiujiang, is a general of Chu Xiao and has relations with Wang Xiang;" Peng Yue and Tian Rong, the king of Qi, turned against each other. These two are in a hurry. Han Xin, the general of Hanwang, is a great event, and it should be one side. That is, if you want to donate it, donate these three people, and Chu can break it. " Liu Bang adopted this suggestion. When he was young, he painted cakes to win over his allies-enfeoffment of land and establishment of Xiang Yu's land as king.
At that time, the enfeoffment was the first-class good thing in the world, and nothing was more touching. Han Xin's attack on Liu Bang in Hanzhong was answered: "Today, the King can really do the opposite and stand bravely in the world. Why not punish him? " Why not accept the heroes of the world cities? "Han Xin showed great ambition." The first step involved Xihe, Wei said, leading troops to Jingxing, killing, favoring Zhao, threatening Yan, and putting an end to the Chu people's 200,000 soldiers in the south, making an immortal achievement. "In the fourth year of Han Dynasty, Han Xin occupied the land after pacifying it, intending to be the king of Qi. The envoy said that Hanwang Liu Bang: "Qi is changeable and treacherous, and the south is Chu, not a puppet king to town, and its potential is uncertain. It turned out to be a fake king. "Liu bang heard the news, the situation is very critical. Han Xin said this as if threatening him. At that time, Liu Bang's sense of Han Xin was not bad, so he never expected Han Xin to do so, so his first reaction was great anger. Later, when Sean and Chen Ping were whispering, he calmed down and took the initiative to let Han trust the new King of Qi.
It is hard to say whether Han Xin's idea of "pretending to be the king of Qi" really takes into account the importance of Qi and the treachery of Qi people, but Liu Bang's anger is true. Historians say that Liu Bang was forced to make Han Xin king, and Tiki was controlled by Han Xin without Liu Bang's intervention. We can understand this necessity from two aspects: the first is the current specific situation. In Han Xin's hands, Tiki was armed to the teeth and had the strength of self-reliance, so that Liu Bang, who was in danger at that time, was gradually eroded by Xiang Yu. The key to the success of Chu-Han hegemony lies in Han Xin, and Liu Bang naturally showed great obedience to Han Xin's request. The second is the social fashion at that time. Although the Qin dynasty did not implement the system of enfeoffment, the idea of cracking the soil and sealing the king was still rooted in the hearts of the people all over the world. Chen Sheng, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang all explained that the seal unique to the nobility was considered as a civilian general. Therefore, the enfeoffment of Han Xin is the trend of the times, and Liu Bang had to comply with it if he wanted to succeed in the world.
Although Han Xin was made King of Qi, this was a strategy that Liu Bang had to implement, but it also achieved very good results-unifying the world. According to Han Xin, who has been a soldier for at least 30 years, there are countless money and food. The history books say that "the power of the world lies in Han Xin", and that "the right vote is the victory of Hanwang, and the left vote is the victory of Wang Sheng". Han Xin was loyal to Liu Bang, who was grateful to him, and made an indelible contribution to the Han Dynasty. After the "gap peace talks", Liu Bang broke his word and led troops to sneak attack on Xiang Yu of Chu State. Originally, he agreed that Han Xin and Peng Yue would send troops together, but the two armies did not move, which led to the defeat of the Han army. Liu Bang's inner anger can be imagined, but he still listened to Sean's strategy of taking the tail from wagging the dog, sent messengers to tell Han Xin and their military kingship status, and promised to "trust Fu Hai and Qi State from the east of Chen". Han Xin didn't do his best to help Han attack Chu, and the subsequent victory was taken for granted.
The establishment of Han Xin as King of Qi is a strategic plan under special circumstances, and the strength of Qi is disturbing. Just after the last World War, Liu Bang casually found a reason to deprive Han Xin, the king of Qi, of all his troops. In the first month of the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the first thing that Liu Bang did when he ascended the throne was to make Han Xin the king of Chu, and turn Qi, which existed for less than eleven months, into a county directly controlled by the central government of the Western Han Dynasty, on the grounds that "without a queen of Chu, Han Xin would learn from the customs of Chu". Pointing at Han Xin, he didn't feel it. A year later, Liu Bang "slandered" Han Xin, arrested him, abolished him as Huaiyin Hou and killed him. Han Xin was the first vassal with a different surname, and Qi, the largest vassal state under Liu Bang, was abolished. Such a quick and tragic ending really makes people feel sorry for the death of Han Xin and Qi. Qi is so powerful that it has become an independent kingdom, which has nothing to do with Liu Bang. How can it be easily abolished? I have to say that Han Xin's political mind is too dull.
Liu Bang's treatment of Qi and Han Xin was expected. No matter who was the head of the State of Qi, as long as it was not Liu, it was bound to be abolished. Liu bang didn't want to make the same mistake as Xiang Yu, and he didn't want to be restricted by powerful ministers. At that time, Qi and Han Xin absolutely had the capital and strength to overthrow Liu Bang's Han Dynasty. At that time, Han Xin was the only one in Qi.
Liu's Qi State
Enfeoffment is Liu Bang's strategy to seize the world, while killing the king with a different surname and enfeoffment the king with the same surname is the strategy to seize the world, which is also the general trend of the world. The first month of the sixth year of the Han Dynasty. Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, said: "The sons of women in and out of 73 counties in Jiaodong, Jiaoxi, Linzi, Jibei, Boyang and Chengyang are the kings of Qi, and all who can speak with one voice are equal." At that time, a special fashion was formed, and everyone who could go to Qi went to Qi. Why? Because the emperor was kind to the king of Qi, various policies were definitely indispensable. Liu Fei's humble background and position are the benchmarks that Liu Bangli showed to the world. The purpose of enfeoffment of young scholars is to make up for the effective rule of the Central Committee of the Western Han Dynasty over some empty areas. Liu Fei, the king of Qi, successfully completed the mission of balancing the princes who were still alive at that time and "protecting the emperor". Under the oath that "unless Liu is king, the world will suffer * * *", the Liu family was gradually established.
During the Emperor Gaozu's reign, Qi State in Liu Fei was the largest vassal state in the East and even in the world, which governed seven counties and more than 70 cities, including Linzi, Jiaodong, Jiaoxi, northern Hebei, Boyang, Chengyang and Langxie. There are abundant products, fertile soil, rich people and countless fertile fields, which are more conducive to sea salt. Liu Fei, the king of Qi, himself has considerable political, military and economic power. During this period, Cao Can, a famous minister, managed Qi for Qi, and Qi recovered rapidly and developed at a high speed. In the period of Huidi and Lv Hou, the son was weak and the mother was strong. On the one hand, he attacked Liu's princes, on the other hand, he named his own kin princes, on the other hand, he named some Liu's princes to win people's hearts. The prosperity of Qi was also initiated by Lu, who took two measures: separating the weak and using the net.