William Dampier was born in 1652 and is British. He was a trainee sailor in the Indian Ocean, and later enlisted in the Royal Navy and participated in the naval battles between Britain and Holland. 1673, at the age of 2 1, he joined a pirate group in the west Indies and attacked Spanish ships. 1683, they moved to the Gulf of Guinea for robbery. With his courage and talent, he soon became a captain. Unlike other pirates, he doesn't care about money and jewelry, but he has a keen interest in meteorology, hydrological phenomena and marine animals and plants. His many years of pirate sailing experience made him very familiar with everything in nature. 1693 when he first returned to London, he wrote a new voyage around the world based on his own experience, which caused a sensation.
1699 Dan Bill was already a "Royal Naval Officer" when he set sail again. He will be appointed to command the USS roebuck to inspect the South Pacific. 1700 In the middle of February, he discovered Australia today. This voyage enabled him to draw a complete map of the South Pacific. /kloc-in 0/700, Dan Bill returned to China and published On the Wind, which summarized a lot of meteorological laws and became an immortal masterpiece in the history of marine meteorology. It is worth mentioning that during the global voyage of1708-1711,when they were on a desert island near Chile, they found a "savage" in sheep's clothing. This Scotsman named Alexander Selcock is the prototype of the protagonist in Robinson Crusoe. 17 15, 63-year-old Dan Bill died in London. Although he is a pirate, what people remember is his great contribution to science.
The Devil at Sea: Francis Drake
Francis Drake was born in a poor peasant family in Devon, England. He was an apprentice to a sailor and eventually became the captain of a merchant ship. His position and experience are the most special in history. 1568, Drake and his cousin john howe Jenkins led five slave ship ships to Mexico. They needed help from Spanish ports because of the storm. But the Spanish lied to them and almost killed him. From then on, he vowed to take revenge on Spain in his lifetime.
1572, Drake called a group of people to cross the American continent, saw the vast Pacific Ocean for the first time, robbed the mule team carrying gold in the jungle of South America, then laid down several Spanish galleons, and finally successfully returned to England. He therefore became the queen's confidant. And the rumors about the ulterior relationship between him and the queen are also quite critical in history.
1577, he sailed the flagship "Jin Lu" to the American coast and launched an attack on the Spanish fleet. Drake fled to the south under the pursuit of Spanish warships and discovered today's "Drake Strait". Drake also crossed the Pacific Ocean to the west and returned to Portsmouth on September 26th. 1579. This voyage is the second voyage around the world after Magellan. Since then, the Pacific Ocean has never been ruled by Spain. 1587, a naval battle broke out between England and Spain, and Drake's pirate fleet played a vital role in the war in which Britain defeated the Spanish armada. Drake was also made Lord of England and reached the highest peak in the history of piracy.
The one and only pirate queen
Pirates with Red Hair: Katrina
No one will forget Katrina, the red-haired female pirate in the era of Great Navigation II. With the support of the Spanish pirate queen, Don Istan Ba Catalina. /kloc-Born in Spain in the middle of the 0/8th century, she was the daughter of the Barcelona ship king at that time. Since childhood, she loved martial arts and hated literature, which made her unbearable that her father decided to send her to a monastery and run away from her family when she was 18 years old. She cut off her red hair and disguised herself as a man In order to survive, she worked as a bartender, a postman, a thief group and a sailor. A year later in Peru, she signed up for the army and successfully concealed her identity. But later in a riot, she killed her brother by mistake and embarked on the road of piracy.
In a naval battle, Katrina was elected as the new captain because of the captain's death, and her daughter's body was found again. In the later years, Katrina became a pirate queen with her own actions, but she also had her own rules: she never attacked Spanish ships and often rescued those Spanish merchant ships in distress. She misses her motherland all the time. Finally, under the joint encirclement and suppression of Spain and Britain, Katrina's team was defeated by the Spanish fleet and she was brought back to Madrid for trial. After the first trial, she was sentenced to death, but people agreed that she was innocent. This incident alarmed King Philippe III le Bon. With his intervention, the court reopened the case and finally released Katarina. Not only that, the king personally summoned the "hero of Spain" and gave her "a lot of money and fiefs". Katarina lived there all her life and never got married.
King of pirates
Da Gama among Pirates: thomas tew
Thomas tew was born in the lower class pirates, and was the captain of the armed pro-democracy ship at the earliest. 1692, he participated in the operation of the 70-ton "Friendship" clipper, and obtained the agency of a civilian ship by bribing officials, authorizing him to attack French maritime trading posts in Africa. But as soon as the ship left the port, Thomas announced to the crew the plan to make a fortune in the East, and got support. "Friendship" began to sail eastward along the route opened by Da Gama and entered the Indian Ocean. As a result, God favored this new kelp. As soon as I sailed to the mouth of the Red Sea, I met a treasure ship of Mughal the Great and became Thomas' first prey. The great harvest allowed Friendship to start its crazy journey of 22,000 nautical miles with only eight cannons. 1694 When Friendship returned to Rhode Island in April, Thomas brought back huge wealth, making him a public figure overnight. And the direction of East India has also begun to become the target of pirates. Unfortunately, however, the pirate pioneer who started looting in East India was killed in the second eastward advance.
The prototype of singles: Henry Every.
Henry Every, 1653 was born in Portsmouth, England, and became a trainee sailor as a teenager. As an adult, he started the slave trade in the Gulf of Guinea, Africa. At the age of 40, he became the first mate of charles ii, an armed pro-democracy ship hired by Spain. 1695 In the spring, when they searched aimlessly for French ships in the Caribbean, it was reported that thomas tew had made a fortune in the East. Ebri immediately launched a revolution. In May, it seized the "charles ii" and renamed it "Fantasy". When they sailed to the mouth of the Red Sea, they met five other like-minded pirate ships, and Ebri's pirate fleet was formed.
In August of the same year, after the disappearance of a merchant fleet full of goods, India's largest fleet "Gangyishava" became the target of Ebri. This outstanding pirate performed a classic magic lamp in the Indian Ocean. "Gangyi Shawa" was defeated in just a few hours. However, this incident caused a fierce international conflict between Britain and India, and Henry Every became the most wanted target of the British Empire. 1696, Ebri Group stopped and broke up. Many members of the regiment were hanged on the gallows as soon as they set foot on British soil, but only Ebri escaped. No one has seen him since, leaving only his pirate story. And he is the prototype of singleton in Defoe's novel Captain Pirate.
The road to piracy: Kidd
Because Uno is better known than the stone-green cartoon Pirate Prince, the name Kidd is better known than any pirate. The real Kidd was born in Scotland on 1645. He started a long sailing career when he was a teenager. When he immigrated to the United States at the age of 20, he was already an experienced and highly skilled captain. 1689 During the Anglo-French War, he was enlisted in Wudang and became the captain of an armed pro-democracy ship. He fought against the French in the West Indies and the Caribbean, made many meritorious deeds, and even won a personal commendation from the Queen of England.
From 65438 to 0695, Kidd, as a wealthy businessman, accepted the task of being a pro-democracy armed ship, including arresting Henry Every and thomas tew. In February, 65438, Kidd began another period of his life at sea aboard the Adventure. However, a year later, something unfortunate happened. Because there was no harvest this year, Kidd was forced to steal Indian merchant ships in order to stabilize the sailors' mood. However, in an incident of hijacking a French merchant ship, the other side actually hung the "meter" flag, and Kidd had to retreat. Unfortunately, however, the adventure was recognized, and Kidd was branded as a pirate and became a wanted man with the same reputation as Henry Every (this was related to the relevant provisions of the licenses of armed democratic ships and privateering ships at that time, that is, only attacking and robbing non-domestic ships. Once domestic ships were robbed, all rights recognized by the government would be revoked for whatever reason, and he would be frozen as a criminal).
1698, 1 April (I don't know if there was April Fool's Day at that time), Kidd officially became a pirate under the coercion of sailors, but he always believed that he was innocent and that "everything would be fine as long as he returned to England and explained everything clearly." 1699, Kidd was tricked into the port by Belomon of Boston. After several evidential documents were taken back, Kidd was arrested and robbed, but only11ounce of gold, 2,353 ounces of silver and more than a pound were found.
Because the evidence that can prove his innocence was taken away by Belomon, 170 1 On May 9th, he was found guilty and sentenced to be hanged. In this way, the famous captain Kidd, a former naval hero, became a victim of politics and was hanged by the Thames. But his treasure has never been found, which has become an eternal legend together with his bumpy legendary experience.
Standard Black Beard Pirate: edward teach
Edward teach was the first pirate when the government tried to ban it, but it got out of hand. In Queen Anne's time, he was a sailor on an armed civilian ship. He has a thick black beard. He belongs to Captain Goth, a great pirate. Later, he left Gott and started his own business. 17 15 years, when he commanded the Revenge Queen with 40 guns, he found the Royal Navy that ordinary pirates dared not provoke. His madness made his name a household name after World War I, and the whole Atlantic coast was plunged into the horror that "even the Royal Navy could not ensure safety".
After that, Tiki disappeared for two years for no reason. Later, when he came back, he was even crazier, ranging from Virginia in the north to Honduras in the south, all within the scope of his robbery. 17 18 In the spring, he led four pirate ships to blockade Charles Burton, the capital of South Carolina, looted all the ships in the port and burned them. He also kidnapped city council members and threatened to "level Charleston". However, in the autumn of 17 18, Tiki died at the hands of Captain Maynard when he was tired of holding his ground. His head was hung on the flagpole of the navy. The death of Blackbeard marks the decline of American pirates, and Roberts is the only one left in the so-called pirate king.
Baron Pirate: Sehen Mamour Roberts.
Samuel Roberts, 1682 was born in Wales, England, and served on a pro-democracy armed ship in his early years. After nearly 20 years as an ordinary sailor, he joined the pirate gang of Captain Davis. Davis was killed in the battle with the Portuguese, and the sailors unanimously elected Roberts as the captain.
1765438+In July 2009, the first thing he did when he commanded the royal tramp was to avenge Davis. He leveled the Portuguese colony where Davis was killed, and then started robbing merchant ships. 1720 In June, the "Royal Tramp" broke into the port of Trebasa with a high skull flag, looted 150 ships, and chose the best clipper as its new flagship "Royal Happiness". Since then, Roberts has been wanted everywhere. By 172 1, the Caribbean shipping was completely destroyed by him and they began to turn back to Africa. What needs to be mentioned here is that Roberts not only has a good habit, but also specifies strict rules and regulations for his pirate fleet and strictly implements them, which also makes him have high prestige among pirates.
On the morning of February 1722, 10, the Royal Swallow, a cruiser of the British Royal Navy, encountered the Royal Happiness. In the fierce battle, a shrapnel exploded Roberts' throat and he died on the spot. In this way, Samuel Roberts, the last great captain in pirate history, ended his life. With the last protagonist's exit, the "Golden Age of One Pirate for 30 Years" slowly came to an end on the historical stage.
History made the pirates of that period the greatest pirates in history. Although they have done evil deeds in the eyes of the world, we can also see their perseverance, courage and even warmth. These murderers who crossed the ocean hundreds of years ago left us not only their legends and wealth, but also another shining thing.
After the pirates withdrew from the historical stage, the "Great Navigation Era" in history began to come to an end. Chamber of Commerce gradually replaced the original pirate group and began to play another important role in history. Emerging capitalist countries such as the Netherlands and Britain have become a new generation of maritime hegemons. In the east of the mainland, with Portugal knocking on Japan's door, Japan's foreign policy, especially its China policy, has also begun to change significantly. The appearance of Japanese pirates has involved China and Japan, two eastern countries, in the competition of maritime power. However, when capitalism began to spread all over the world, the "era of great navigation" was over and history turned a new page!