From the legendary Yellow Emperor Yao Shun to the Xia Dynasty (about 2 1 century-BC16th century), painted pottery marked its development. Among them, there are typical Yangshao culture, Majiayao culture and Qijia culture later discovered in Gansu. After liberation, a large number of beautifully made painted pottery were unearthed from the prehistoric site in Anbanpo, Xi 'an.
In the Han Dynasty from 206 BC to 220 AD, the creative materials of artists and craftsmen were no longer mainly jade and metal, and pottery was paid more attention.
During the Six Dynasties (AD 220-58 1), the rapidly rising Buddhist art also had a corresponding impact on ceramics, leaving obvious traces on the modeling of this season's works.
The Tang Dynasty (6 18-970) is regarded as a great period in China's art history. The technology of ceramics has been greatly improved, and many exquisite porcelain varieties have appeared in large numbers. Even using today's technical appraisal standards, it can be regarded as real high-quality porcelain.
In the Song Dynasty (960- 1279), the ceramic industry flourished and began to export to Europe and Southeast Asian countries. Famous kilns with different characteristics, such as Jun kiln, Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln and Ding kiln, have sprung up all over the country, and their products are becoming more and more colorful.
The Ming Dynasty ruled from 1368 to 1644. During this period, Jingdezhen's ceramic manufacturing industry was absolutely the best in the world, occupying a prominent position in technology and art, especially blue and white porcelain.
After the founding of the Republic of China, some ceramic research institutions were established in various places, but their products were simply copied from some foreign designs except the previous generation, and there was no development at all.
Extended data:
Characteristics of ceramic production:
The production process of ceramic products refers to the whole process from raw material input to ceramic product production. It is a process in which workers use certain labor tools and act directly or indirectly on the object of labor according to certain methods and steps, making it a valuable ceramic product.
In the process of ceramic production, such as the mediocrity of ceramic blank, the natural drying of blank, etc. You also need the power of nature. The production process is the combination of labor process and natural process.
Generally speaking, the ceramic production process includes three basic stages: blank manufacturing, forming and sintering. At the same time, according to the different functions of each stage of ceramic production, the composition of ceramic production process can be divided into production process preparation process, basic production process, auxiliary production process and production service process.
As a socialized ceramic production process, compared with other industries, it has the following characteristics:
1, the ceramic production process is a low continuous flow production process. Ceramic raw materials are put into production from one end of the factory, and finally become finished products after continuous processing. The whole process is complex and the continuity between processes is low.
2. The degree of mechanization and automation in the ceramic production process is low.
3, the ceramic production cycle is long. The production cycle of ceramic products refers to the whole calendar time from the beginning of raw material production to the end of processing until the end of finished product production.
4. In the process of ceramic production, auxiliary materials such as gypsum model, settler and boron plate are consumed greatly.
5. Ceramic production needs to consume a lot of energy, such as coal, natural gas and electricity.
6. Transportation is an important link in the production process of ceramic enterprises. There are many kinds of raw materials used in the process of ceramic production, and the transportation of semi-finished products and finished products, as well as the remaining materials and wastes generated, is very large.
7. Flue gas, dust, solid waste and industrial wastewater produced in the process of ceramic production seriously pollute the environment. At present, most kilns used in China ceramic industry use coal and heavy oil as energy sources, which emit a lot of smoke and dust.
Therefore, enterprises should strictly control the concentration of soot and sulfur dioxide to meet the national emission standards. Try to use resistance tunnel kiln or gas kiln to reduce air pollution.
8. The level of specialization and cooperation in ceramic production is low. For a long time, the level of mutual cooperation between enterprises in the ceramic industry is not high, and the degree of specialization and socialization of large, small and complete "all-round" factories is lower than that of professional and auxiliary services.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ceramics (the floorboard of pottery and porcelain)