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Historical focus
In September 1994, the United States sent troops to Haiti.
On May 6, 1994, the United Nations Security Council adopted comprehensive sanctions against Haiti.
Resolution to ban almost all trade except food and civil aviation flights.
All the planes flew around, demanding that the military government of Cedras step down and let Aristide go into exile.
The president returned to power and restored Haiti's democratic constitution. Haitian military authorities and the new security Committee
Sanctions and demands are tit for tat. 1 1 in may, Amy, 8/kloc-0 years old, was appointed as the president of the supreme court.
Jonathan served as interim president. On May 22nd, the United Nations decided to punish the Haitian military government in an all-round way.
The trade blockade came into effect and a special team was sent to Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
Border supervision investigates the implementation of land blockade. At the same time, American warships have strengthened their support for Haiti.
Maritime patrol. The delegations of the Organization of American States and the United Nations sent representatives to mediate,
People declared persona non grata by Haitian military authorities were ordered to leave within 48 hours. safe
The Council believes that this is a serious escalation of the provocation of the Haitian military authorities to the international community. American general manager
Clinton's statement stressed that "military intervention is an option that should not be ruled out." therewith
Meanwhile, elite force of the US Army and Navy is conducting military exercises near Haitian waters.
On July 3 1 day, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 940, approving the US-led
The multinational force "used all necessary measures" to overthrow the military regime in Haiti. Haiti temporary
President Jonathan immediately declared a state of martial law in Haiti. To this end, the United States, through the Security Council
He also warned the Haitian military junta to hand over power and strive for a peaceful solution to the Haitian problem.
Land crisis. On September 15, US President Bill Clinton issued a final warning to the Haitian military government.
Tell them to step down and leave Haiti immediately. The army was under pressure and the Haitian military government had to agree.
American negotiations. September 16, former US President Jimmy Carter and Senator Sam Nunn.
And Colin Powell, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, arrived in Port-au-Prince for talks with Haitian military and political leaders.
Government talks. The two sides finally reached an agreement, and the Haitian military government was forced to agree, before 10 and 15.
He voluntarily stepped down, agreed to the immediate presence of multinational forces in Haiti, and promised that during the transfer of power,
Cooperate with multinational armies. On September 19, the US military occupied Port-au-Prince and took control of it without firing a shot.
Airports and ports occupied the army headquarters. On September 26th, President Clinton announced the lifting of sanctions.
Unilateral economic sanctions against Haiti. 65438+ 10/month 1 1, head of the Haitian military government
Commander Cedras and Chief of Staff Philippe Biombi left Haiti and went into exile in Panama.
Commissioner Michel Fran? ois took refuge in the Dominican Republic and interim President Egypt.
Mir Jonathan resigned and left Haiti. Haitian President Aristide appoints Prime Minister
Malval and his ministers formally took office, ready to welcome Aristide.
10 On June 5438+05, President Aristide, who had been in exile for three years, was in the US Secretary of State Crystal.
Accompanied by Christopher, he returned to Haiti to take office. The United Nations adopted a resolution to lift the embargo on Haiti, and the United States
Announced the withdrawal of 7,000 of its 2 1 000 troops in Haiti on February1day, and promised
65438+ Withdraw all troops before the end of February 1996. 165438+1October 8, Haiti's Senate and House of Representatives unanimously appointed.
Prime Minister smark Michel and his new cabinet were sworn in, and Haitian refugees returned one after another.
At home, the crisis in Haiti, which lasted for four years, has temporarily subsided.
Aristide and his new government, with the help of the United States, formulated various measures to restore the economy.
Policy, tighten government spending, cut civil servants, and cancel the removal of corn, rice and soybeans.
All trade tariffs except bulk products, such as promoting exports, increasing business tax and wealth.
Production tax; Privatize large state-owned enterprises. In order to help Haiti restore its economy, the United States
It is prepared to provide $250 million in aid, and the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have also agreed.
In 15 months, we provided $770 million in assistance.
However, Haiti's economic recovery will be very arduous, and it is already the poorest country in Latin America.
After three years of political turmoil and trade blockade, the economy has completely collapsed, and the whole west
Social stability and economic recovery take time.
Send troops to Haiti (1994)
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199 1 after the Haiti crisis, American countries and their organizations led by the United States put pressure on the Haitian government in various ways, especially the United States held high the "big stick" and ordered the Haitian military to hand over power.
1991September 30th, a military coup took place in Haiti, and the democratically elected President Aristide fled to the United States after being overthrown. Under the mediation of the Organization of American States and the United Nations, the Haitian military government and the fugitive president reached an agreement on July 3 1993, demanding that the United Nations send military and political personnel to help Haiti restore order, train and establish public security and police forces, and prepare for Aristide's return to China and his reinstatement.
1On September 23, 1993, the Security Council adopted resolution 867 and decided to establish the United Nations Mission in Haiti. However, the Haitian military government failed to fulfill the agreement. 10, 12 In June, the U.S. Navy tank landing ship Harun County carried 200 American and Canadian soldiers (United Nations advance troops) to Haiti, but was forced to return because of Haitian people's protests. ?
1993 10 The United States actively supports the use of force to impose an oil and arms embargo on Haiti, and has joined forces with Britain, France, Canada and other countries to send navies to impose a maritime blockade. On June 5438+05, US President Bill Clinton announced that he would send six naval vessels to blockade Haiti.
1994 in June and July, a large number of Haitian refugees flooded into the United States by boat. The United States took advantage of the fact that the Haitian military government expelled the United Nations civilian investigation team, which prompted the Security Council to adopt resolution 940 on July 3/KLOC-0, and decided to set up a multinational force of10.5 million troops headed by the US military, and took all measures to force the Haitian military government to step down, so as to ensure that Aristide returned to China and was reinstated.
On August 15, US President Bill Clinton issued an ultimatum to the Haitian military government, ordering the US military to prepare to send troops to Haiti.
18 In September, under the pressure of the American army, the Haitian military government reached an agreement with the United States, stipulating that15,000 multinational troops headed by the United States would be stationed in Haiti from September 19 to carry out the "upholding democracy" operation, and three Haitian soldiers, including Cedras, would be stationed on June 65438+June 65438.
On June 5438+09, when the first batch of American soldiers landed in Port-au-Prince, there was a small-scale conflict between Haitian troops and demonstrators. On 20th, the conflict broke out again, resulting in the death of 1 person. On 24th, American patrol soldiers exchanged fire with armed personnel of the local police station, resulting in 10 Haitian police casualties and 1 American soldiers injured. On 30th, supporters of Aristide clashed with those of the junta in Port-au-Prince, killing three people and injuring 1 1. The number of US troops stationed in Haiti once reached 20,000.
1In March 1995, the US military handed over the task to the UN peacekeeping force.1In April 1996, all US troops were evacuated.