The battle between Deng Shichang and some officers and men of Zhiyuan took place on September 15, which was the first large-scale battle between the two armies. At that time, there were 35 battalions of the Qing army stationed in Pyongyang, 17000 people; There are more than 65438+6000 Japanese troops attacking Pyongyang, and the two sides are evenly matched. The battle was launched on three battlefields at the same time: one was the battlefield on the south bank of Datong River. At three o'clock in the morning, the ninth Hunchenglv of the Japanese army, under the command of Major General Yoshimasa Shima, first attacked the Qing army on the south bank of the Datong River. Ma Yukun, the company commander of Taiyuan Town, fought bravely. Japanese soldiers suffered heavy casualties and were unable to fight again. Shimafang was injured and had to be ordered to retreat. Leave the battlefield at 2 pm. The second is the battlefield outside Xuanwu Gate. Xuanwu Gate is the main attack direction of the Japanese army, so it concentrated its superior forces, including the 10th Brigade (also known as Shuoning Detachment) and the 18th United Wing (also known as Yuanshan Detachment). The company commander of Gaozhou Town left the Xuanwu Gate to command and personally fired and shelled the enemy. The officers and men were emotional and bravely killed the enemy. In the fierce battle, Zuo was unfortunately killed by gunfire, and his three battalion officers were killed one after another. At 2 pm, Xuanwu Gate was captured by the Japanese army. The Japanese army tried to advance into the city, but was blocked by the Qing army and had to retreat to Xuanwu Gate. The third is the southwest battlefield of the city. At seven o'clock in the morning, Lieutenant General Nojin Daoguan personally led the team of the Japanese Fifth Division, covering the infantry charge with artillery fire from the southwest of Pyongyang, and the Qing cavalry counterattacked. At noon, Nojin Taoist temple saw that it was difficult to succeed, and ordered to suspend the attack and return to the station. At this time, there is still hope for the Qing army. Ye Zhichao, the president (commander in chief) of the Qing army, was afraid of death. At four o'clock in the afternoon, he put up a white flag to stop resisting and ordered the whole army to retreat. In 6 days, the Qing army ran 500 Li, crossed the Yalu River and returned to China on 2 1. The Japanese army occupied the whole territory of Korea.
The battle of the Yellow Sea took place on September 17, which was a major decisive battle between the Chinese and Japanese navies. Because this naval battle took place near Dadonggou (now donggang city, Liaoning Province) at the mouth of the Yalu River, it was also called Dadonggou naval battle. Beiyang fleet has 10 warships, and the Japanese navy has 12 warships. Japan also has an advantage in speed and firepower. At noon 12: 50, the Japanese fleet first attacked the weak right-wing ships in beiyang fleet, and beiyang fleet intercepted them, causing heavy losses to the ships such as Bitzer, Chicheng and Xijing Maru, making them lose their combat effectiveness and flee the battlefield. The Japanese fleet then took the tactics of attack from the back and abdomen, and beiyang fleet was at a great disadvantage. The Zhiyuan ship was seriously injured, and Deng Shichang, as the flagship of protection, ordered the enemy pioneer ship Yoshino to dash for mutual destruction. Unfortunately, the ship was hit by an enemy torpedo and its hull broke. All 250 people on board died heroically except 16. At about three o'clock in the afternoon, four of the ten ships in beiyang fleet sank, two escaped and two were injured. Only two armored ships, Dingyuan and Zhenyuan, are still fighting bravely. The remains of the dead soldiers of the Qing army in ahava defended the war, hitting the Japanese flagship Matsushima and making it lose its fighting capacity. By 5: 30 pm, the Japanese fleet was too tired to fight; Escape to the southwest. In the naval battle, the prefect was injured and encouraged the soldiers; Zhiyuan led Deng Shichang and Yuan Jing led Lin Yongsheng to charge ahead and fight to the death with the enemy; Dingyuan Pipeline Liu and Zhenyuan Pipeline fought hard and finally turned defeat into victory, smashing the arrogant plan of the Japanese army to "gather fighters and clear the Yellow Sea ship".
After the wars in Pyongyang and the Yellow Sea, the Japanese side wantonly created public opinion and played up the victory, which further stimulated its ambition to expand the war of aggression. In the Qing Dynasty, Li Hongzhang, who was in charge of military command, exaggerated his failure and further promoted his passive policy of avoiding war. At the same time, the peace of Empress Dowager Cixi gradually became clear. The second stage, from1September 894 17 to165438+1October 22nd. This stage of the war was carried out in Liaodong Peninsula, including the Yalu River Defence War and the Jin-Lu Campaign.
The defending battle of Yalu River began on June 24th, 10, which was the first defending battle of Qing army against Japanese invasion of China. At that time, there were 82 battalions of Qing troops deployed on the north bank of Yalu River, with about 28,000 people. The Qing government appointed Song Qing as commander-in-chief to control the army. The Japanese attack force is the first army under the command of General Yamagata Aritomo, including the Third Division of Lieutenant General Kyotaro and the Fifth Division of Lieutenant General Nojin Dojo, with a total of 30,000 people. The two sides are equal in strength. However, although Song Qing controlled the army in the name, the army actually refused to accept the dispatch, and their morale was low, so many generals were not determined to resist the war. At eleven o'clock before noon that day, the Japanese army successfully swam across the river in front of Anping River mouth in the upper reaches of Jiuliancheng Scenic Resort Scenic Area. That night, the Japanese army set up a pontoon bridge in the middle reaches of the Yalu River near Hushan, and the Qing army did not notice it. At 6 o'clock in the morning on the 25th, the Japanese army crossed the pontoon bridge and launched an attack on the position of the Qing army in Hushan. Ma Xujin and Nie Shicheng, the commanders and fighters of the Qing army, fought back heroically, but they were forced to withdraw from their positions because of the situation and suffered heavy casualties. The Japanese army then occupied Hushan. Other ministries of the Qing army heard that Hushan fell and fled without fighting. On 26th, the Japanese army occupied Jiuliancheng Scenic Resort Scenic Area and Andong County (now Dandong) without firing a shot. In less than three days, the Yalu River defense line, where nearly 30,000 Qing troops were stationed, collapsed.
The Golden Journey War also began on October 24th, 65438/kloc-0, and fell to Lushunkou on October 22nd, 165438/kloc-0, which was the key battle of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. On the same day that the first Japanese army attacked the Qing army's Yalu River defense line, the second army of 25,000 men under the command of General ōyama Iwao, under the cover of Japanese ships, began to land at Huayuankou on the road behind Lushun. The Japanese landing activity lasted 12 days, but the Qing army actually sat idly by. 165438+1October 6th, Japanese troops occupied Jinzhou (now Jinxian, Liaoning). On the 7th, the Japanese army attacked Dalian Bay in three ways, and found that the Qing army had already broken up and won Dalian Bay without fighting. After resting in Dalian Bay 10, the Japanese army began to advance to Lushun. At that time, there were seven commanders of the Qing army in Lushun area, and Taoist Gong Zhaoze was the head of the former enemy camp. He is known as the "hidden commander" and is in charge of 33 battalions, with about 13000 people. 18, the Japanese striker invaded Tuchengzi, and Xu Bangdao commanded Gong Weijun to bravely resist and repel the Japanese army. On that day, Gong Zhaoze ignored the whole army and fled to Yantai by torpedo boat. 19, Huang Shilin, Zhao Huaiye and Wei Rucheng also fled. On 2 1 day, the Japanese army launched a general attack on Lushunkou. 22, the occupation of Lushunkou, a bloodbath of the city.
With the retreat of the Qing army, within the Qing court, the pacifists prevailed and surrendered wantonly. After the fall of Lushunkou, the Japanese navy gained an important base in Bohai Bay. Since then, the Beiyang portal has been opened, and beiyang fleet has been hidden in Ahava Port, and the situation has taken a turn for the worse.
The third stage,1894165438+1October 22nd to1April 89517th. At this stage, the war was fought in Shandong Peninsula and Liaodong, including ahava and Liaodong.
The Battle of ahava was a defensive war to defend the Beiyang naval base, and it was also beiyang fleet's last war against Japan. At that time, there were 26 Beiyang Navy ships in Ahava Port. 1895 65438+1on October 20th, the second Japanese army, under the command of General ōyama Iwao, including Lieutenant General Mita's Second Division and Lieutenant General Heimu Weizhen's Sixth Division, with a total of 25,000 people, began to land on Rongcheng Longxu Island under the cover of Japanese ships, and all of them landed on the 23rd. On 30th, the Japanese army concentrated on attacking Nanbangbao in Ahava. Nanbangbao Qing army has only 5 battalions and 3,000 people. Zhou Jiaen, the camp official, guarded the position of Motianling, bravely resisted and sacrificed heroically. The Japanese army also suffered heavy casualties, and its left-wing commander Major General Kang Cheng was shot and killed. Because the enemy was outnumbered, Nanbang Fort was finally captured by the Japanese army. On February 3, the Japanese army occupied Weihai Acropolis. Weihai was occupied by the enemy, and Ding's command became an island. Over the past few days, the Japanese army launched eight attacks on Liu Gongdao and beiyang fleet in Weihai Port in coordination with land and water, all of which were repelled. During this period, the commander of the Japanese joint fleet sent a letter to Ding, demanding surrender, which was rejected by Ding. In the early morning of the 5th, the flagship Dingyuan Zhong Lei ran aground and continued to fight as a "water battery". 10, Dingyuan ran out of ammunition, Liu ordered the ship to sink, and resolutely committed suicide with the ship in order to avoid the enemy. On June 1 1, Ding refused to commit suicide under the intimidation of foreign officers and cattle and other major generals transferred from Weihai business office. Zhenyuan Governor Yang Yonglin and Niu Changsun came forward to preside over the surrender. Yang Yonglin refused to accept it and committed suicide. In June, 5438+02, the surrender was drafted by Hao Wei, a foreign member of the United States, and in the name of Ding, Guangzhou Automobile Pipe was sent to the Japanese flagship. 14, Niu Sunchang signed the Liu Gongdao Peace Treaty with Ito Jiuheng, agreeing to hand over all ships in Ahava Port, Liu Gongdao Fort and all ordnance materials on the island to the Japanese army. 17, Japanese troops landed in Liu Gongdao, Ahava naval base fell, and beiyang fleet was wiped out. The battle of Liaodong lasted for a long time. Since the Japanese army broke through the Yalu River defense line of the Qing army, it has successively occupied Phoenix, Xiuyan and Haicheng. The Qing government transferred Liu Kunyi, governor of the two rivers, as an imperial envoy, in charge of the military affairs of the Eastern Expedition, and granted him full command of the military affairs inside and outside Shanhaiguan, and appointed Wu Dacheng and Song Qing, governors of Hunan Province, as deputies, in order to save the decline. From1895 65438+1October 17, the Qing army launched four campaigns to recapture Haicheng, all of which ended in failure. On February 28th, the Japanese army invaded from Haicheng, captured Niuzhuang on March 4th, took Yingkou without fighting on the 7th, and captured Tianzhuangtai on the 9th. In just 10 day, more than 60,000 people from the 100 th camp of the Qing army fled from the entire east bank of Liaohe River.