Thebes, Egypt, now called Luxor, is the capital of the Middle Kingdom (about 2000 BC-BC 1780) and the New Kingdom (BC 1567 BC 1085). The city straddles the banks of the middle reaches of the Nile and is called "Hundred Gates Thebes". Thebes, Greece (modern Greek: θ? β α, ancient Greek: θ? β α χ) is located in Portia, northwest of Aegean Sea and east-central Greece. Originally known as Ma Kexin City, it reached its peak in the 4th century BC. Together with Athens and Sparta, it became the three main city-states of Greece. At the beginning of the 4th century BC, Thebes defeated Sparta, the hegemon of the Greek world at that time, and became the most powerful city-state in Greece. When translating, the pronunciation should be close to the same word.