Young and mature, Egypt is the master.
Saladin (1138-1193), a hero in Islamic history, is a Kurd. His father, ayub, moved his family from Tbilisi (now Georgia) to tikrit in northern Iraq, where he was made a local ruler by Sultan Maliksha of Seljuk. 1 138, ayub was dismissed and forced to go to Zangi dynasty in Mosul. This year, his son Yusuf was born in tikrit. He named his son Saladin.
At the age of eight, Saladin followed his father to Damascus, where he spent his teenage years. The turbulent life made Saladin mature as a teenager.
Zanji dynasty firmly controlled northern Iraq and Syria, and its main enemies were the Christian Crusaders who controlled the coastal areas of Palestine and the Fatima dynasty with Egypt as the center and Shiites as the state religion. Young Saladin was determined to restore Sunni rule in Egypt and promote jihad against the Crusaders. At the age of 26, he was sent by the Sultan of Zanji Dynasty and went to Egypt with his uncle Cierco. Although the battle in the past three years ended in failure, he got exercise on the battlefield for the first time.
Saladin portrait
1 168, King Amali of Jerusalem led an army to attack Egypt. At the request of Egypt, Zanji dynasty sent Schlk and Saladin's uncle to help. 1 169 65438+ In October, the victorious Cierco was appointed as Prime Minister by Khalifa Ade of Fatima Dynasty. Two months later, Cierco died suddenly, and the Syrian army he led fell into a quarrel. Adebayor chose Saladin to succeed him as Prime Minister.
1 17 1 year, Saladin gained a firm foothold in Egypt and began to plan to change the Shia-dominated situation in Egypt. He replaced Shia judges with Sunnis and eliminated local generals in Egypt. 10 September, he began to preach in the mosque in Cairo in the name of Abbas, the second caliph of the Arab Empire. The next day, he held a grand military parade in Cairo, and the 147 square was reviewed. According to historical records, "everyone who has seen it thinks that no Islamic king has a comparable army." Two days later, the last caliph of Fatima Dynasty, Adeid, died of illness, and Fatima Dynasty ended.
At this time, Saladin still maintained the status of a vassal of Zanji Dynasty. 11In the spring of' 74, his patriarch Nuridin sent someone to pay tribute to Egypt for auditing accounts. Saladin showed Nuridin's envoy the detailed accounts of the whole military and political institution, saying that it would take a lot of money to maintain such an institution, so it was impossible to pay tribute to Nuridin. Angry Nuridin prepared to attack Saladin, but died of a sudden illness. Saladin got rid of the shadow of the patriarch and became the leader against the Crusaders instead.
March into Syria, twice assassinated.
Nuridin's son Saleh succeeded to the throne at the age of 1 1, and the Ji Zang dynasty split. Saladin began to expand into Syria and Iraq. Many generals in Syria invited Saladin to take charge in Syria. In June+10, 5438, Saladin came to the south gate of Damascus from Egypt.
Chams-Eddine, the governor of Busla, thinks there are too few people in Saladin. He said to Saladin, "As long as the garrison in Damascus resists you 1 hour, the surrounding villagers can kill you. But if you have money, things will be simple. " Saladin's entourage replied, "We brought 50,000 dinars." 654381October 28th, Saladin soldiers entered Damascus without bloodshed. On the way, a large number of Damascus defenders went out of the city to join his team. Saladin spent a lot of money to appease Damascus. According to his minister Fadel, he spent all his Egyptian money on conquering Syria.
Saladin went north and occupied Homs and Hama successively. On February 30, 65438, he arrived at the gate of Aleppo, an important town, and Saleh was in the city.
Aleppo people paid assassins from the famous killer group to assassinate Saladin. One night, Saladin was having dinner with the generals in the military camp when 13 assassin suddenly appeared. Thanks to the protection of the generals, Saladin is safe and sound.
A year later, Saladin was attacked by an assassin again. A killer stabbed Saladin in the cheek, but was immediately hacked to death by Saladin's men. Several other killers were chopped to pieces. Saladin's armor pierced his chest, his cheeks were bleeding, and he walked back to his tent.
1 18 1 year, Saleh, who was stationed in Aleppo, died of illness and Saladin stepped up his siege. 1 183, Saladin negotiated with Zanji, the general guarding the city, and proposed to exchange five cities for Aleppo. In June 1 1 day and night, Aleppo opened its gates. Saladin let the defenders take all the treasures. He said that he only wanted the stones in Aleppo. He regards Aleppo as "the key to the earth". In a letter to his younger brother Tage Tate, he said: "Aleppo is the eyes of Syria, and Aleppo Castle is her pupil." He mocked Zanji who gave up Aleppo and said, "I took a gold coin and gave him a silver coin." When Saladin entered Syria in 1 174, he thought that Aleppo could be milked easily (Aleppo means "fresh milk" in Arabic). It took eight and a half years to realize this wish.