After Lin Zexu went to Humen to destroy opium,1June, 840, China and Britain launched the first opium war, which ended with the defeat of China, the outflow of silver and the disintegration of the natural economy ... In the same year, the treaty of nanking was signed, and China began to become a semi-feudal and semi-colonial country.
Until 1856~ 1860, Britain and France launched the second opium war, which not only looted and burned the Yuanmingyuan, but also brought endless disasters to the people of China.
Bian Lan's self-analysis of history: Before this historical event, China had been in a closed internal circulation state, and the feudal monarchy gradually reached its peak without the interference of external factors. However, once external forces intervened, it would inevitably encounter a blow of dimensionality reduction. This so-called preliminary world pattern has changed. The ruling class of the Qing government has not yet awakened, but the working people at the bottom have begun to awaken.
Therefore, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the first exploration in the wheel of history, reached the peak of the old peasant movement in China, strongly impacted the ruling foundation of the Qing government, impacted the orthodox position of Confucius and Confucianism, weakened the spiritual pillar of feudal rule to a certain extent, and made certain contributions to the fight against invaders.
Bian Lan's self-analysis of history: In addition, in this exploration, there have been some extremely progressive social development programs, such as the celestial system and Zi Zheng Xin. However, because the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom lacked the leadership of the advanced class, the peasant class was not the representative of the new productive forces and relations of production, and the first self-exploration from peasants ended in failure.
The second exploration came from the Qing government's self-exploration-Westernization Movement, with a clear goal, that is, self-imposed wealth. So modern enterprises were established, a new navy and army were established, schools were set up, and overseas students were sent. All this tells the people that China is in full swing, but a Sino-Japanese naval battle in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 undoubtedly exposed everything, and the Beiyang Navy was completely annihilated, which declared the failure of China's Westernization Movement that lasted for more than 30 years.
(Photo: Beiyang Navy was completely annihilated)
Bian Lan's self-analysis of history: Why did China, the first super sea army in Asia, lose to a small country at that time? We can know a thing or two by comparing the Meiji Restoration in Japan, and people who are getting ahead know that these minor repairs are useless, the equipment has changed, and our system is decadent and backward. Therefore, with the support of Liang Qichao and other reformists, Emperor Guangxu promulgated the imperial edict of "Deciding State Affairs" in June 1898 and 165438, namely the Reform Movement of 1898. The Sixth Childe of the Reform Movement of 1898 was killed, Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest in Yingtai, and Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao were forced to flee overseas. The third expedition failed, leaving the only historical product-Shi Jing University Hall, which is really a pity.
1900 Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China, and China was completely reduced to a semi-feudal and semi-colonial country.
The fourth exploration, the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, clarified the leadership class and forced the Qing emperor to abdicate, that is, the feudal monarchy that lasted for more than 2,000 years was declared dead. At the same time, Sun Yat-sen was eager to establish a republic, established an interim government of the Republic of China and formulated an interim constitution of the Republic of China. However, due to the complexity of the current situation, the strong interference and destruction of imperialism, and the weakness and compromise of his revolution itself, the achievements of the revolution were stolen by Yuan Shikai and the monarchy was restored and adopted.
(Photo: Opening of the New Culture Movement)
The fifth exploration-the opening of the new culture movement, since the system has changed, but the situation of China's beating has obviously not been reversed, so the advanced elements in China began to realize that it should be China people who want to change, that is, to change the remnants of feudal cancer in China people's thoughts and avoid erosion.
Bian Lan's self-analysis of history: Therefore, the publication of New Youth led by Chen Duxiu began to try to save the Republican system. Although Confucianism's gentle and elegant thought can play a role in "ceremony", Confucianism can no longer meet the needs of the political system at that time. Therefore, the new culture requires the abolition of Confucianism, the promotion of vernacular Chinese except stereotyped writing, and support for democracy and science. However, this movement is unrealistic and empty, and it cannot correctly handle the relationship between the bourgeoisie and China society.
19 19, China's diplomacy failed at the Paris Peace Conference, and the May 4th Movement broke out in front of Tiananmen Square in Beijing. After the cruel suppression by Beiyang government, the main force of struggle shifted from students to workers, and the sports center shifted from Beijing to Shanghai, turning the class revolution into a mass revolution. This movement not only reflected the thoroughness of anti-imperialism and feudalism, but also promoted the spread of Marxism in China.
A group of advanced elements in China were influenced by the new ideological trend of the October Revolution. 192 1 On July 3rd, the first congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Shanghai. On August 3rd, China was born on the "Red Boat", and the party's name and program were established, which was the final result of repeated exploration by the people of China in the process of striving for national liberation and realizing national prosperity.
Bian Lan's self-analysis of history: Since the Opium War, under the full agitation of various social thoughts, China has been exploring and screening good systems, but it has never been able to find a system and thought that can fit the traditional culture of China. It is inevitable that Marxism will be chosen by history and people because of its own truth. This is my understanding of "awakening and exploring because of the great changes that have not happened in 3 thousand years"