1, prehistoric times
Archaeological findings so far show that jade articles have been unearthed to varying degrees in some Neolithic cultural circles in China. In foreign countries, there are only a handful of places where early jade articles were unearthed, only Lake Baikal in Asia, New Zealand and North and South America in Oceania, and they appeared relatively late and not for a long time.
The evolution and development of jade articles in the Neolithic age has gone through a long process, and there is a mutual inheritance relationship between cultures in various regions. Representative ones are Xinglongwa Culture, Songze, Hanshan, Hongshan Culture, Liangzhu and Longshan.
2. Pre-Qin period
During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the quantity, variety and production technology of jade articles were obviously improved. There are six kinds of "Ruiyu" in ritual jade: Yan, Bi, Gui, Zhang, Huang and Hu. In addition, there are production tools and weapons such as arrowheads, spears and axes. There are no traces of use when unearthed, which is not practical. Practical appliances include mortar, cup, comb, ear spoon, hook, etc.
Some bronze fittings are also equipped with jade pieces, making them precious combiners. More than 700 jade articles have been unearthed from the tomb of Fu Hao in Yinxu, Henan Province, among which the most prominent ones are carved or embossed figures and various animals, which are realistic and imaginative, and are the treasures of jade articles in this period.
3. Western Han Dynasty
It can be seen from the unearthed jade articles of Han Dynasty that in the early Western Han Dynasty, due to the war at the end of Qin Dynasty, the jade handicraft industry did not develop and innovate. At that time, the jade modeling and ornamentation mainly inherited the tradition since the Warring States Period. After the mid-Han dynasty, new varieties and shapes appeared one after another, and gradually formed a new artistic style in the process of jade making.
In terms of carving techniques, the number of general carving, round carving and high relief jade articles increased in the Western Han Dynasty. In terms of modeling and decorative style, there were also great changes in the Western Han Dynasty. Some lifelike jade articles have a sense of reality and vitality, and skillfully combine form and spirit, and their artistic level greatly exceeds that of jade articles in the pre-Qin period. This period occupies an important position in the history of jade development in China.
4. Northern Song Dynasty
The unification of the Northern Song Dynasty brought cultural and economic prosperity, especially Song Huizong and Evonne's addiction to jade, which further promoted the rise of epigraphy and the prosperity of urban economy, and directly or indirectly promoted the unprecedented development of jade articles in Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties. Although Song Huizong was not a good emperor, he was an excellent artist who loved epigraphy, which had a great influence on the development of arts and crafts.
Extended data
Jade often shows the social beauty of "natural beauty" (texture) plus "artificial beauty" (craft), which is the fusion of heaven and earth and exquisite craft. Jade is warm and delicate, and it is considerate to appreciate; Its color sense is pure and flawless, and if it is rewarded, it will purify the soul; It sounds crisp and pleasant, and it purifies the soul as soon as you listen.
The combination of these aesthetic elements can not help but make people sigh that jade is the essence of heaven and earth, and then produce mysterious beauty beyond reverence and admiration. This mysterious aesthetic feeling is interrelated with religion, which deepens the unique aesthetic trend of people's love and respect for jade. It is extraordinary and mysterious.
Jade in the "Jade Age" is the Chinese nation's own art, and the unique jade culture in China is formed by the perfect character in the minds of ancient ancestors. It has the highest cultural taste, reflects the historical and social features most comprehensively and profoundly, and has become the cornerstone of China's traditional culture and a wonderful work of world culture and art..
Since the Neolithic Age, jade, as an important material and cultural relic, has formed an enduring jade cultural tradition in the history of Chinese civilization. The research, appreciation, appraisal and collection of jade complement each other. This is an elegant cultural activity with a strong academic atmosphere. It is this persistent activity that pushes the study of jade and jade culture in China to a higher stage.
Developing jade culture tourism resources is conducive to promoting Chinese jade culture. Jade culture is an important part of our national culture, and it is the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth with jade as the main content created by our working people in long-term social practice.
Jade has become a symbol of noble personality and a representative of beautiful image after careful carving by countless skilled craftsmen and beautification by neo-Confucianism. It is integrated with traditional culture and etiquette, which can reflect the local style and customs systematically and completely, and has high historical, cultural and artistic value.
Carrying forward jade culture is the need to inherit and carry forward China's excellent traditional culture, and it is also the need to boost local economic development.
Baidu encyclopedia-Chinese jade
Baidu Encyclopedia-Chinese Jade Culture