Yongde County is located in the western border of Yunnan, at the southern end of Cangnu Valley. It starts from Nanting River in the east and reaches Nujiang River in the west. It is located between 99 05 ′-99 50 ′ east longitude and 23 45 ′-24 27 ′ north latitude. Located in the south of the longitudinal valley area of Hengduan Mountain System in western Yunnan, it is surrounded by seven counties: Gengma, Zhenkang, Longling, Shidian, Changning, Fengqing and Yunxian, with a width of 7 1.5km from east to west and a length of 75.8 km from north to south, with a total area of 3,208 square kilometers and a mountainous area accounting for 95%. The terrain is high in the east, south and west, and inclined to the north. There are six types of landforms: deep subalpine wide valley, deep mountain wide valley, deep mountain narrow valley, middle cut mountain wide valley and middle cut mountain narrow valley. The terrain is complex, and three mountains (Laobie Mountain, Tangli Mountain and Bukit China) cross each other. Cangnv two waters, unify all rivers; Six slopes from east to west form a mountain; Alluvial depression embedded with fourteen small dams. There are many mountains and few dams in the territory, and mountains account for 95%. The highest elevation is 3504 meters in Xiansupingzhang, the main peak of Daxue Mountain, and the lowest elevation is 540 meters in Chonggang Township and Huhe Village, with a relative elevation difference of 2964 meters. Yongde County is located in Dedang Town, with an altitude of1580m. The county seat is 787 kilometers away from the provincial capital Kunming and 226 kilometers away from Lincang.
Geographical climate
Yongde County belongs to the old mountainous area at the end of Hengduan Mountain on the east bank of Nujiang River. The terrain is high in the southeast and west, and it is north, shaped like mulberry leaves. Geomorphology and mountains crisscross, and slopes and dams are connected. The main mountain ranges are Daxueshan, Tanglishan and Bukit China. Xiansu Pingzhang, the main peak of the highest snow-capped mountain, is 3504 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the south of Chinese mainland's 24 North Latitude Line and Lincang area. The lowest elevation is 540 meters at the dam of Nantinggu Lake and 566 meters at the Mangdui Ferry of Nujiang River, which are adjacent to Mengding Port and Longling Pingjia respectively. 95% of the rivers in the county belong to the Nujiang River system and 5% to the Lancang River system, so there is a saying that "the mountains connect Southeast Asia and the water connects two oceans". Among them, the main rivers in China are Nujiang River, Nanting River River, Montpolo River and Damengtong River. The main rivers in China are Yongkang River, Saimi River, Yanglang River and Maiba River. The climate of the county generally belongs to the valley monsoon climate where the south subtropical zone meets the north tropical zone. There is no severe cold in winter, no intense heat in summer, distinct dry and wet seasons, and permanent residence in spring and autumn, but the zonal vertical distribution is typical and the living climate is outstanding. It belongs to seven climatic zones: northern hot zone, southern hot zone, central hot zone, northern hot zone, warm zone and cold zone, and is usually divided into three climatic zones: valley hot zone, middle warm zone and alpine cold zone. The hot zone accounts for about 30% of the total area.
natural resource
Yongde, with beautiful mountains and rivers, pleasant climate and rich resources, is a treasure with great development potential. The county's climate belongs to the monsoon climate in the southern subtropical valley, with three-dimensional climate characteristics of mild climate, abundant sunshine, abundant rainfall, no severe cold in winter, no heat in summer, four seasons like spring and distinct dry and wet seasons. The annual average sunshine hours are 2 196. 1 hour, and the total solar radiation is 133.58 kcal/cm2. Taking the area at an altitude of 1500m as a representative, the annual average temperature is 17.4℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 32. 1℃, the extreme minimum temperature is 2. 1℃, and the annual precipitation is 1283mm.
The territory is rich in water resources, with 84 rivers over 5 kilometers, with a total length of more than 800 kilometers and a river of 0.25 kilometers per square kilometer. The total amount of water resources is 65.438+0.85 billion cubic meters, and the water energy reserves are 580,000 kilowatts, accounting for 99% of the total to be developed. Underground mineral deposits include coal, tin, antimony, lead, zinc, copper, iron, gold, silver, mercury, sulfur, gypsum and marble. The proven reserves of Xiaoshicheng and Hunai lignite are 20 million tons. There are many species on the ground, including more than 3,000 kinds of higher plants, including rubber, fir, mallow, snow lotus and yew. Especially the wild southern medicine terminalia chebula, its resources and output rank first in China. Today, the forest coverage rate is 38.6%, and the standing stock is 5.245 million cubic meters. Fiona Fang has 230,000 mu of provincial-level Daxueshan Nature Reserve, which is known as the South Subtropical Natural Botanical Garden. There are more than 1000 species of wild animals here, including Bengal tiger, leopard, gibbon, golden monkey, doorbell, crocodile lizard and green peacock, among which more than 30 species are listed as national protected animals.
Yongde has 48 1 1,000 mu of land resources, of which only 2.24% is really difficult to use. The land that has been developed and utilized to varying degrees accounts for about a quarter of the total area. The total cultivated land is 533,000 mu, accounting for 1 1. 1% of the total area. The soil in the county belongs to 10,18,58 genera, 149 species and 5 varieties, accounting for 42.8% of red soil, 20.3% of lateritic red soil, 0.2% of calcareous soil, 4.3% of purple soil and 3.5% of paddy soil. The soil is mainly red soil with seven colors, rich in potassium, slightly acidic, lacking in phosphorus and nitrogen, and the vertical distribution is obvious. Although the surface of the county is inclined and broken, it is suitable for farming in a wide range, and there is no barren land. Even though the highest peak of the snow-capped mountain is 3504 meters above sea level, the palm of Xingyue is still lush with bamboo trees and medicinal flowers, which has great potential for development and utilization. More than half of the karst mountains in the county are covered with underground rivers, cliff caves, hot springs and hot water, and ancient trees and famous bamboos, which can be called a collection of resources. There are more than 0/00 underground grottoes/Kloc-0, exposed hot springs 16, soil forests, underground rainbows, Wanzhangyan Waterfall, Nujiang Canyon, snow-capped mountains and forests, etc. , is a tourist resource with development value.
The development of history
According to local records, Yongde County is one of the ancient counties in southwest China. Qin and Han dynasties were a place of mourning, named Shijie. In the 12th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (69), the Central Plains Dynasty belonged to this area, belonging to Yongchang County. Nanzhao State in the Tang Dynasty built and expanded Cheng Nan in the county town and went to Yongchang for the holidays. In the Song Dynasty, Dali was changed to Kangcheng, the town of Emperor, and still turned to Yongchang Festival. In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhenkang Road was changed to be under the jurisdiction of the military and civilian headquarters and placed under the jurisdiction of Dali Jinya Fu Xuansi. In the fifteenth year of Ming Hongwu (1382), he moved to Kangfu Town and was transferred to Chief Secretary of Yunnan. Two years later (1384), it was renamed as Zhenkang Zhou Yuyi, which was immediately revoked and placed under the jurisdiction of Wandian for 25 years; In the seventh year of Yongle (1409), he was transferred to Zhenkang Zhou Yuyi and Yunnan Chief Secretary; During the orthodox period (1441-1448), Wang Ji followed Wang Ji in his expedition to the foothills of Sichuan, and was named the hereditary town Kangtu House, which was handed down from generation to generation for more than 460 years. History spans the Ming and Qing Dynasties and reaches Yongchang Prefecture. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1907), the hereditary system of chieftain was abolished, and the provincial government reassigned officials to be in power, which was called "changing the soil to the stream" in history and still belonged to Yongchang government; In the second year of Xuantong (1909), it was renamed Yongkang House. 2 years (19 13), renamed Zhenkang County. 1April 5, 950, the county was liberated and the people's political power was established. The county names are Zhenkang County and Shangli Baoshan District. /kloc-in the spring of 0/953, it was ordered to be assigned to Mianning, which is now Lincang area; 1964 1 month, delimit the western border area of the county and build a new county. In order to maintain the relative stability of border place names, Xinxian County adopted its old name, which is Zhenkang County today. Therefore, the county was renamed Yongde, and the ruling office still follows the German Party.