Feudal centralization reached its peak. With the expansion of bureaucratic functions and institutions, imperial power had the greatest constraint on the people and class contradictions were sharp.

2. From the economic point of view:

The increase of population and the annexation of land by officials and landlords at all levels have reduced the per capita land possession year by year, and the number of farmers with no land or less land has increased and the number of refugees has increased.

Land rent exploitation, tax collection, exorbitant taxes and levies, and corvee apportionment are increasing year by year, which makes the life of farmers increasingly difficult. Feudal economy based on natural economy no longer plays an active role, but becomes an important factor hindering economic development.

3. From a cultural point of view:

The development of science and technology is relatively slow and gradually lags behind the west; Strict absolutism, the implementation of stereotyped writing examination in the Ming Dynasty and the literary inquisition in the Qing Dynasty destroyed intellectuals and seriously hindered cultural development and scientific and technological progress.

4, militarily speaking:

Military decline, military strength decline, lax training, backward equipment, China's military strength compared with western countries, unable to cope with foreign aggression, which makes China gradually decline, long-term into the abyss of semi-colonial and semi-feudal.

5. From a diplomatic point of view:

Since Zheng He in the Ming Dynasty, there was little active foreign exchange, but in the Qing Dynasty, it embarked on the road of closed doors and strictly restricted foreign trade, which isolated China from the world and hindered cultural exchanges and development.

6. Serious class struggle:

Because the ruling class occupies most of the country's resources, wealth quickly gathers in the hands of very few people, while the bottom people have never eaten a meal, let alone let their children receive education and gain fame.

This makes the poor poorer and the rich richer. Therefore, the serious polarization between the rich and the poor is an important reason why the dynasty turned from prosperity to decline.

Extended data:

Enlightenment of China's humiliation in modern times

Hatred can be put down, but history should not be forgotten.

From the day of childhood enlightenment, it has been repeated in our ears that justice will surely overcome evil moral logic, and facing up to the history nailed on the board is more a tragedy that is inconsistent with the teachings learned for many years.

In order to smuggle non-innocent drugs everywhere, it is the greatest evil in the world and can rank first. It should be the most natural and legitimate move to shut out robbers who kill for money, but the result is always an evil victory with a treaty that covers an area of money, and just humiliation licks the bleeding wound.

In order to get living space, have plenty of food and clothing, and uncover the best in the world, it is also a matter of welcoming guests under the banner of peace. It is against justice to slaughter thousands of creatures in a pool of blood for the sake of the arrogance and extravagance of a few people, but moral logic still doesn't shine.

Why on earth is this? While history reveals the ruthless facts to us, it also hides the answers. If we know the ignorant questions that Daoguang asked the ministers when China and Britain were at daggers drawn;

Daoguang Emperor learned that the Queen of England chose her own spouse, laughing that barbarian countries did not understand that marriage should obey their parents' orders. The leader of the British army asked the wizard for advice and broke the British "black magic" (that is, new guns) with a toilet where a woman peed. He realized that a nation whose fate was in the hands of ignorant and corrupt rulers could not even win a just war.

Similarly, when we see Hong Xiuquan, who is forbidden to live as a husband and wife, his concubine is pestering us; The Northern Expedition failed, and the Western Expedition did not achieve the expected purpose. The members of the "God Family" who advised others not to rob and kill each other have already fought for the reputation of Long Live the Grandpa.

The major policies in the late kingdom of heaven are in the hands of Hong Xiuquan's two greedy and virtuous eldest brothers and a female official manager. They will realize the truth that unless they surpass their own enemies, they can't expect victory, and the warships led by peasant leaders can't break out of the feudal vortex and reach the other side of liberation.

Since 1980s, many young people, with a sense of responsibility for rejuvenating the country, have been struggling with the problem that the Chinese nation, which dominates the east of the world, has exerted great influence on the process of human civilization with its long and splendid culture. Why did it fall behind in modern times and make the history of nearly a hundred years full of humiliation?

When a nation calls itself a "paradise" with its prosperous cultural relics and etiquette, it will turn its past glory into a heavy burden and slow down its progress.

The flowing history does not wait for any country. You indulge in the old dream of "martial arts are the best in the world" and "internationalization of all countries", while others have experienced the Renaissance, industrial revolution and political change. When this latest stage of human development wins the favor of history, all backward nations will face the fate of being conquered.

However, the proposition that history sometimes imposes on a nation cannot be chosen. To get rid of the enemy's slavery, we must first strengthen the country. However, when China people realized this, they went through a tortuous road and paid a heavy price.

As Marx predicted, the Chinese nation always wakes up after the disaster and rises.

Fortunately, there are thousands of patriots who bravely seek the truth of saving the country. They may be too reckless, but they are not lacking in sobriety. They may be too credulous, but they are not lacking in wisdom. They are not afraid of sacrifice. They struggled in confusion, explored in wandering and advanced in twists and turns, which laid an opportunity for China's modernization.

When we stand on the threshold of the turn of the century and look back on the struggle history of China people in the past century, we can clearly find that there is hardly any period in the history of China that can be compared with this period-the interweaving of confusion and hope, the reflection of filth and sublimity, and the fight between darkness and light constitute a magnificent, ups and downs and thrilling historical picture in the modern history of China.

Each of our Chinese sons and daughters, with extraordinary perseverance, strive to acquire cultural knowledge; Take a realistic attitude and pragmatic style, and dare to participate in social practice; Explore a new realm of life with pioneering ideas and innovative ideas, and make contributions to the motherland, society and people.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Modern History of China

Baidu Encyclopedia-China Feudal Society