Today, we will pick out several representative dynasty costumes and their wedding dresses to show you the characteristics of people's costumes in different dynasties. Before, I have introduced to you some costume cultures in Tang and Han Dynasties and their wedding dress characteristics. Let's take a look at the wedding clothes of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Chiayi in Song Dynasty
Different from the open and bold costumes of the Tang Dynasty, the costumes of the Song Dynasty are no longer gorgeous and luxurious, but simple and simple. Women's dresses in Song Dynasty were formal and conservative, with elegant and quiet colors, which strengthened the "covering" function of clothes and curtains, and restrained all "arrogance" in Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, both princes and nobles and ordinary people liked to wear clothes with straight collars and double-breasted buttons, because it was comfortable and elegant.
Ladies' clothes in the Song Dynasty-long sleeves, long skirts and silk in the Song Dynasty-are clothes left over from the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. It was still popular in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it was mostly worn by aristocratic women, but ordinary women could not wear it. Wearing this kind of clothing must be accompanied by gorgeous and exquisite jewelry, including hair ornaments, face ornaments, ear ornaments, neck ornaments and chest ornaments. In the Song Dynasty, the wedding dress was a long-sleeved dress.
The Yuan Dynasty was a Mongolian dynasty, so its clothing was naturally a typical Mongolian style. Mongolians usually make a small lock of hair on their foreheads, like peaches. There are also two braids, which are wrapped into two big rings and hung behind the ears, with Dai Li hats on their heads. Because Mongols advocate riding and shooting, their clothing is mainly "drying clothes", which is a short robe, tight and narrow, with many pleats at the waist, which is convenient for riding and shooting.
Compared with "high-quality clothes for grandchildren", the clothes worn by aristocratic women in Yuan Dynasty are much more troublesome. The robes they wear are wide and long, which makes it inconvenient to walk. They often need two maids to help them pull up their robes and wear a tall and long hat. There is not much difference between the wedding clothes and their costumes in Yuan Dynasty, and they still have strong Mongolian costume characteristics.
In the Ming Dynasty, in order to restore the etiquette of the Han nationality, Zhu Yuanzhang formulated a new dress system on the basis of Tang Song and Zhou Han. The dress is the main one, and the color is also very delicate. Most ladies wear red sleeves and robes, while ordinary women can only wear light colors. Although the skirt is wide, there are many styles. The style of the wedding dress is a dress with a feather crown, which is decorated with brilliant jewels and is graceful and gorgeous. The bride wears red gauze on her head, or hangs silk tassels to cover her face, or fans to cover her face. Wearing embroidered shoes symbolizes good luck. Women's wear is mainly made of silk and satin. Embroidered with platinum thread, gold thread and pearl stone, it is a dragon, phoenix and mandarin duck pattern representing the auspicious appearance of dragon and phoenix. This dress can be traced back to the Qing Dynasty. The emperor gave Liang Chugui's daughter a dragon and phoenix robe embroidered with silk thread as a dress.
The Qing Dynasty should be the most familiar dynasty and the most changed dynasty in China's clothing history. The Qing Dynasty was an era when Manchu and Chinese cultures blended, especially the costume culture. At the same time, the Qing dynasty was also a non-Han dynasty that retained the most primitive costume tradition after Manchu entered the Central Plains. The complete set of clothing has changed the basic form of ancient Chinese clothing formed for thousands of years, and it is the combination of ancient clothing and modern clothing in China. Its existence is the premise of the development of modern men's jackets and robes and women's cheongsam.
The most primitive cheongsam appeared in the Qing Dynasty. Manchu women are dominated by cheongsam, with slender figure and short sleeves, which is in sharp contrast with China's costumes that have lasted for thousands of years. They are luxurious, elegant and exquisite. The wedding dress in Qing Dynasty also followed the summer dress in Guan Feng in Ming Dynasty. Although it was mainly red, the style of the wedding dress was based on cheongsam.
This is a big problem. I can't finish talking for a while. If you are interested, let's take a look at Mr. Shen Congwen's research on ancient Chinese costumes.
In addition, Gao Chunming's "China Women's Decoration" and "Chinese Ancient Costume Customs" can also be used for reference.