1, Xia Dynasty: about 2029 BC-about 1559 BC, Qi, a total of 47 1 year.
2. Shang Dynasty: about 1559 BC-about 1046 BC, Shang Tang, a total of 438 years.
3. Zhou Dynasty: about 65438 BC+0046 BC-256 BC, divided into the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was divided into the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and Ji Fa, totaling 867 years.
4. Qin Dynasty: 2265438 BC+0-206 BC. Before 22 1, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, unified the six countries, first called the emperor, for a total of 16.
5. Western Chu: From 206 BC to 202 BC, Xiang Yu was the overlord of Western Chu for five years.
6. Western Han Dynasty: 202 BC-8 AD, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, a total of 2 10 years.
7. New Dynasty: From the twelfth lunar month in the eighth year of AD to the 23rd year of AD1October 6th, the new emperor Wang Mang founded Emperor Xing, for a total of 16 years.
8. Xuanhan: In 23-25 AD, Liu Xuan, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, changed his name for three years.
9. Eastern Han Dynasty: 25-220 AD, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, a total of 196.
10, Three Kingdoms: In 220-280 AD, Wei, Shu and Wu were the three pillars, totaling 6 1 year.
1 1, Jin Dynasty: 265-420 AD, divided into Western Jin Dynasty (265-3 16) and Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17-420), with a total of 156.
12, Northern and Southern Dynasties: 420-589 AD, a total of 170.
13, Sui Dynasty: 58 1- 6 18, Sui Wendi, a total of 38 years.
14, Tang dynasty: 6 18-907, Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, totally 290 years.
15, Five Dynasties: 907-960 AD, Hou Liang, Later Tang Dynasty, Later Jin Dynasty, Later Han Dynasty and Later Zhou Dynasty, with a total of 54 years.
16, ten countries: 89 1-979, a total of 89 years.
17, Song Dynasty: 960- 1279, divided into Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127) and Southern Song Dynasty (1 1279), totaling.
18, Yuan Dynasty: A.D. 127 1-1368, Genghis Khan, Yuan Taizu, 98 years in total.
19, Ming Dynasty: A.D. 1368- 1644, Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty, a total of 277 years.
20. Qing Dynasty: A.D. 1644- 19 12, the Qing Taizu Aixinjue Luo Nurhachi, a total of 268 years.
Second, the dynasty information
1, Xia
Xia dynasty (about 2070- 1600 BC) was the first hereditary dynasty recorded in China's history books. There are a certain number of bronze and jade ritual vessels in the cultural relics of the Xia Dynasty, dating from the late Neolithic Age to the early Bronze Age.
According to historical records, Biography of Yu was written, which changed the abdication system of primitive tribes and initiated the hereditary system in China for nearly 4,000 years. Therefore, the "home world" in China's history began with the establishment of the Xia Dynasty.
1 1 tribes of Xia nationality are related to the central royal family in Xia Houshi by blood, political enfeoffment and economic tribute, which roughly constitute the core territory of Xia dynasty.
Summer begins in the west of Henan Province and the south of Shanxi Province, east to the junction of Henan Province, Shandong Province and Hebei Province, south to the north of Hubei Province and north to the south of Hebei Province. The geographical centers of this area are Yanshi, Dengfeng, Xinmi and Yuzhou in Henan Province.
It is generally believed that the Xia Dynasty lasted for fourteen generations, and after seventeen generations (the ruler of the Xia Dynasty was called "Hou" when he was in office and "Emperor" after his death), it lasted for about 47 1 year and was destroyed by the Shang Dynasty. Later generations often call themselves "Huaxia", making it synonymous with China.
2. Business
Shang Dynasty (about 1600 BC-about 1046 BC) is the second dynasty in China history, and it is also the first dynasty with direct written records of the same period in China.
Shang Tang was the monarch of Xia and Shang Dynasties. He led the Shang Dynasty to be destroyed in the battle of Mingtiao, and established the Shang Dynasty in Bo (present-day Shangqiu) with the name of Shang. After that, the capital of Shang Dynasty moved frequently until its descendant Pan Geng moved to Yin (now Anyang), which was the capital of Yin for 273 years. Therefore, Shang Dynasty was called Yin or Yin Shang by later generations. ?
The Shang Dynasty experienced three main stages. The first stage is "the first venture"; The second stage is "early business"; The third stage was the "Late Shang Dynasty", which lasted for more than 500 years from 17 to 3 1 Wang. Di Xin, the last monarch, set himself on fire after being defeated by Zhou Wuwang in the battle of Makino.
3. Week
The Zhou Dynasty (65438 BC+0046 BC-256 BC) is the third dynasty in the history of China after the Shang Dynasty. Thirty-seven kings were handed down in the 30 generations of Zhou Dynasty, enjoying a total of 79 1 year.
The Zhou Dynasty was divided into two periods: the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-77 1 year ago) and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770-256 years ago). The Western Zhou Dynasty was established by Ji Fa, Zhou Wuwang, with Haojiang (Zhou Zong) as its capital (now southwest of Xi, Shaanxi);
Zhou Chengwang five years, the construction of the capital city of Luoyi (Chengzhou) (now Luoyang, Henan); In 770 BC (the first year of Zhou Pingwang), Pingdong moved its capital to Luoyi (Chengzhou) (now Luoyang, Henan), and the Zhou Dynasty in this period was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. History books also refer to the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty as two weeks.
4. Qin dynasty
The Qin Dynasty (22 BC1-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China, which was developed by the State of Qin during the Warring States Period. Fei Da, the ancestor of the Qin people, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and was given the surname of Won.
When he was in Qin Mugong, he was a wise man, coachable was modest, destroyed twelve countries, traveled thousands of miles, and became increasingly powerful. 36 1 year ago, Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne and reused Shang Yang's two political reforms, which made Qin's economy develop and the combat effectiveness of the army continuously strengthened, and developed into the most prosperous vassal state at the end of the Warring States Period.
Qin destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively, and completed the great cause of reunification. 22 1 years ago, the king of Qin proclaimed himself emperor, which was called "Qin Shihuang" in history. The Qin dynasty set up three officials and nine ministers in the central government to manage state affairs; Partially abolish the enfeoffment system and replace it with the county system;
Implement books in the same language, cars in the same track and unified measurement. Attack the Huns in the north, conquer hundreds of places in the south, build the Great Wall to repel foreign enemies, and dig Lingqu to connect the water system.
The establishment of centralization laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years, and laid the ruling foundation of China's unified dynasty, so it was called "the implementation of Qin politics and law in past dynasties".
The Qin Dynasty ended the 500-year-old warlord regime since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first centralized country with multi-ethnic integration in the history of China. This has had a profound impact on the history of China.
Before 2 10, Qin Shihuang died in a sand dune (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province) during his cruise. His son Hu Hai acceded to the throne as Qin Ershi. Although the Qin dynasty had a great influence in history, it abused the people's power and was unified for only ten years.
In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Guangwu cut firewood for the soldiers, rose up and the world responded. Liu Bang and Xiang Yu rose up against Qin. Before 207, Qin died.
5. Western Han Dynasty
The Western Han Dynasty (202 BC-65438 AD+8 February AD) is a unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty in China history, which lasted 12 emperor and enjoyed the country for 2 10 years, also known as the pre-Han Dynasty.
At the end of Qin dynasty, the world rose. After the battle between Chu and Han, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu. In 202 BC, Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor in Dingtao, Shandong Province, with the title of Han and Luoyang as his capital. In the same year, he moved the capital to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi).
The Western Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system in many systems. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the national policy of less taxes and relaxation was implemented, the social economy recovered rapidly, and agriculture, handicrafts and commerce flourished unprecedentedly, which was called the rule of Wenjing in history.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he implemented the system of promotion, China-Korea, secretariat of history and salt and iron official camp. Strengthen centralization, and admire the Confucian thought of unification.
Externally, it has opened up a vast territory with Korea in the east, Vietnam in the south, Qingling in the west and Yinshan in the north, laying the basic scope of the Han Dynasty. He also sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, which opened up the Silk Road to communicate with Eurasia, expanded foreign exchanges and created a prosperous Hanwu. ?
After Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, Huo Guang assisted in the administration of state affairs, followed the ethnic policy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his later years, and restored the national strength of the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty proclaimed the Emperor, the Western Regions were formally incorporated into the territory by surrendering the Xiongnu and setting up the Western Regions' capital protection government, and the bureaucracy was reorganized internally, thus creating the rule of filial piety with strong national strength.
In 36 BC, Chen Tang killed Zhi Zhi Khan, marking the end of the Sino-Hungarian War in the Western Han Dynasty. In 8 AD, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang abolished the emperor and made Chang 'an his capital, which was called the New Dynasty in history and the Western Han Dynasty perished.
Baidu encyclopedia-Chinese historical dynasties
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