1. What is a test-tube baby? In vitro fertilization (IVF), commonly known as "IVF", is the most widely used reproductive assistance technology in the world. "IVF" is not a baby who really grows up in a test tube, but a few eggs are taken from the ovary, combined with the man's sperm in the laboratory to form an embryo, and then the embryo is transferred to the uterus, so that it can be implanted in the mother's uterus, thus becoming pregnant. Normal pregnancy requires sperm and eggs to meet in the fallopian tube, and the two combine to form a fertilized egg, and then the fertilized egg returns to the uterine cavity to continue pregnancy. So "test tube baby" can be simply understood as "test tube baby" because the test tube in the laboratory replaces the function of fallopian tube. Although in vitro fertilization was originally used to treat infertility caused by tubal obstruction, studies have found that in vitro fertilization is helpful to endometriosis, abnormal sperm (abnormal quantity or morphology) and even unexplained infertility. Studies have shown that the pregnancy rate after one cycle of treatment is about%, and the birth rate is slightly lower. Second, how did the "test-tube baby" technology develop? The research of IVF has a long history. As early as the 1990s, scientists began to conduct experiments on animals. In 2006, the British magazine Nature reported the experiment of recovering rabbit eggs and transferring them to other rabbits to give birth to young rabbits through their bellies. Minjue Zhang, a Chinese-American biologist, combined sperm and eggs recovered from mating rabbits for in vitro fertilization. He also transplanted fertilized eggs into the fallopian tubes of other rabbits and gave birth to normal young rabbits. The successful completion of rabbit in vitro fertilization experiment made Zhang Minjue a pioneer in in vitro fertilization research. His animal experiment results laid a good foundation for the research of in vitro fertilization and IVF in later generations. Luis brown, the world's first test-tube baby, was born in Britain. The earliest pregnancy success rate of IVF is only. %. The first successful IVF pregnancy in Australia was in 1996. Many years ago, Britain and Australia were born together. The first case was born in America in. At present, there are more than 10000 cases in the world, and the pregnancy success rate has increased rapidly, and the pregnancy rate has increased to-%. The hope of treating tubal infertility has shifted from tubal micromanipulation in the 1990s to IVF-ET technology. Of course, the choice of these two treatment methods depends on the specific situation of patients. China's work in this field started late. In 2000, the first test-tube baby was born in Taiwan Province Province, and in 2000, the first test-tube baby was born in Hongkong. Chinese mainland's first test-tube baby was born in, and now she is in her teens, smart and healthy. Her mother is a 15-year-old patient with primary infertility, and both tubal nowhere Hunan Medical University and the Reproductive Medicine Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen Medical University have achieved success. Up to now, hundreds of medical institutions in China have developed IVF-ET, but there are not many cases, and the success rate of clinical pregnancy has reached about%. In terms of new technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital reported that the first intrauterine transplantation in China was successful and delivered in. Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences conducted intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in vitro, and the IVF was born in May. These successes show that in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in Chinese mainland are developing. 3. How is the "IVF" going? In vitro fertilization embryo transfer (commonly known as the first generation): it varies from person to person. After using different ovulation induction drugs, when the egg is mature, it is taken out of the vagina under the guidance of B-ultrasound, and her husband's semen (after treatment) is fertilized in a Petri dish to develop into an embryo, and then put into the woman's uterus. The cost of surgery and medicine in the whole process is about RMB. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology (commonly known as the second generation) is suitable for patients with oligozoospermia and asthenospermia. If the above methods can not achieve in vitro fertilization (commonly known as the first generation), sperm can be injected into the cytoplasm of oocytes by microinjection technology to help insemination. For men without sperm, sperm can be collected through epididymal aspiration or testicular biopsy, and their children can be obtained through microscopic examination. Don't blindly accept other people's sperm donation, but the man must first draw blood to check whether there is any abnormality in the chromosome model, so as to avoid hereditary diseases being passed on to future generations. Even so, some small gene deletions can't be detected, so microinjection technology may be helpful for pregnancy, and future generations may have genetic diseases. The cost of surgery and medicine in the whole process is about RMB-yuan. The success rate of this technology is 100%- 100%. Embryo screening to prevent genetic diseases (commonly known as the third generation) will screen embryos developed by in vitro fertilization for couples with genetic diseases and transplant embryos without genetic diseases into the woman's uterus. The cost of surgery and medicine for this technology is about RMB-RMB. Embryo cryopreservation: If multiple eggs are obtained in one stimulation cycle and fertilized and divided in vitro to form multiple embryos, the remaining embryos with good quality after transplantation can be cryopreserved. If there is no pregnancy in this cycle, the transplantation can be thawed in the natural cycle in the future. Natural circulation endocrine environment is beneficial to embryo implantation, but freezing and thawing is a kind of damage to embryo, and its vitality is worse than that of fresh embryo. Fourth, which situation is suitable for "test-tube baby"? The purpose of in vitro fertilization embryo transfer technology is to help infertile patients.