At the beginning of the dance, the atmosphere was festive and peaceful, and the light dance of the bride and bridesmaid told the longing for marriage and the future groom.
▲ The opening ceremony of the dance "Yi" is a jubilant wedding scene.
However, in a happy atmosphere, the bride's mother was crying in a corner of the stage. When the groom finally came on stage, the bride saw a body carried by everyone.
▲ The bride is tied in the dance "Yan"
▲ Male corpse and bride raised in the dance "Yan"
In an instant, the bride tried to escape, but her father pushed her against her. Finally, the bride was strangled by HongLing, and her father got a lot of money.
▲ In the dance "Yi", the bride's father collects money to sell his daughter.
Clear and powerful dance language is creepy. Netizens have expressed shock.
Someone was sad to tears:
Some people are scared to get goose bumps and have nightmares;
More netizens resolutely oppose this feudal dross:
Ghost marriage has been regarded as a violation of ethics since ancient times.
What exactly is ghost marriage? Why is there a ghost marriage?
Ghost marriage is also called marriage, burial, yin pro, yin match, yin marriage, ghost pro and so on. "Yi" refers to people who died before 19 years old, and "Marrying Yi" refers to marrying people who died early. It is not difficult to see from the names of ghost marriage that ghost marriage is the wedding of dead men and women.
There are two main forms of ghost marriage in history: one is "relocation and burial", that is, the bones of men and women who died young are moved and buried in the same grave without engagement, so that they can become legal couples in the underworld; The other is the marriage form between the living and the dead in the dance Cloud.
Although ghost marriage was formed in Shang Dynasty, it was rarely recorded after the attack of Emperor Wu, because the Confucian classic Shi Mei, the official of Emperor Li Zhou, explicitly opposed ghost marriage. So even if there was a ghost marriage in ancient times, it was controversial.
Cao Chong, Cao Cao's favorite son, died young, and Cao Cao, who was distressed by his son, wanted to marry him a ghost wife. Just after his subordinate Tang gaozu died, Cao Cao asked Tang gaozu to let his daughter be buried with Cao Chong. However, Li Yuan refused Cao Cao's request on the grounds that it was not in line with etiquette. Cao Cao was unwilling, and finally hired Zhen Shiyin's dead daughter as his daughter-in-law and buried her with Cao Chong.
▲ Cao Cao and Cao Chong in TV dramas.
Two points can be seen from this historical story:
First, "relocation and burial" requires the consent of both parents, and Cao Cao's identity is no exception. Ghost marriage is not a simple and direct burial, and its operation procedure is the same as that of living marriage. Usually there is a ghost matchmaker to match the bridge and get married, which requires the consent of both parents.
Second, ghost marriage did not conform to the etiquette at that time, which was the main reason why Li Yuan was able to refuse Cao Cao. Confucian scholars, led by Sikong Chen Qun, pointed out that ghost marriage did not conform to the traditional etiquette, and quoted Zhou Li's words as incest. Later, Cao Rui, the grandson of Cao Cao, wanted to marry the mourning girl in Ghost, but he was also opposed.
In the Tang Dynasty, ghost marriages increased. Li Zhongrun, the son of Tang Zhongzong, was only nineteen years old when he was beaten with a stick by Wu Zetian. After Zhongzong acceded to the throne, he posthumously awarded Li Zhongrun as Prince Yide, and hired imperial academy Cheng Peicui's dead daughter as his concubine, and held a ghost wedding for them and buried them together.
With the emperor taking the lead, some people wanted to follow suit, and some even wanted to bring ghost marriage into the marriage system at that time. However, the literati still opposed it. Bai Juyi, a great poet, once wrote an article accusing ghost marriage, saying that it "violates the state ban and confuses human relations".
▲ Bai Juyi portrait
After the Tang Dynasty, ghost marriage was also suspected and resisted. Seeing that the marriage system in some places in the Tang Dynasty was mixed with ghost marriage, Mingzong of the Five Dynasties and the late Tang Dynasty said with emotion: "The role of Confucian scholars is to promote filial piety and change customs. Wedding is a gift, how can it be used on the dead? " So he sent a letter to the minister asking for the abolition of these vulgar customs.
Implicit interest chain
Ghost marriage has caused many vicious cases.
Social customs are developed on a certain social and cultural basis. There are three reasons why ghost marriages have appeared and been popular in some parts of China for a long time:
The first is mainly the fear of the dead in feudal superstition. Unmarried people who died young cannot be buried in ancestral graves, and their families are worried that these children who died young will be helpless and will pose a great threat to their families.
Secondly, under the patriarchal clan system in ancient China, unmarried men who died young could not enjoy the sacrifices of family descendants because they had no children. By marrying in ghosts, we can think that they have children, which can not only be buried in the ancestral graves of the family, but also enjoy the sacrifices of future generations.
The third is parents' feelings and debt mentality towards their children. Cao Cao hired a ghost wife for his youngest son, Cao Chong, who died young.
With the development of society and civilization, the cause of ghost marriage should no longer exist. China law also explicitly prohibits related crimes. But in fact, ghost marriage has not completely disappeared, and it still appears in some areas today. It is not only a stubborn social custom, but also a means for some people to collect money.
20 16, 12, China Newsweek reported on May 2 that there is a ghost marriage interest chain in some provinces of China, and young women's bodies are clearly priced. In the early 1990s, a proper ghost wedding cost 5,000 yuan, which rose to 50,000 yuan at the beginning of this century. To 20 10/0,65438+ten thousand yuan can only guarantee marriage, and there are no more conditions. You can't even buy a bone below 20 16,150 thousand yuan.
Many lawless people take risks in the face of interests, so ghost marriage has also led to many vicious cases, including digging graves and stealing corpses, selling corpses, killing and selling corpses, and so on.
According to Qilu. com. Com, 20 14 In March, a criminal gang in Juye, Shandong stole a female corpse that had just been buried in the middle of the night. After layers of resale, the female corpse was sold to a family in Handan, Hebei Province, which wanted to match a yin marriage for the male deceased. Fortunately, the body was recovered after the incident.
According to Shanxi Evening News reported on June 30th, 2004, 10, a woman in Huozhou, Tang, had the idea of committing a crime because she heard that a female corpse was sold for 50,000 yuan. Tang brutally killed a female student of 12 years old in order to arrange a yin marriage and sell her body. After selling her body, she got 23,800 yuan.
Killing is naturally a felony, and stealing a corpse also violates the criminal law. Article 302 of the Criminal Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that whoever steals, insults or intentionally destroys a corpse, skeleton or ashes shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance.
Speaking of feudal superstition, there are always some people who like to defend it with the rhetoric that "being is reasonable". However, looking at the development history of ghost marriage and the cases caused by ghost marriage today, we can see that this feudal superstition of ghost marriage should have been abandoned by the times long ago.
Undoubtedly, ghost marriage belongs to feudal superstition. Its so-called "existence is reasonable" is precisely that some people deliberately cater to it for the benefit, regardless of whether it goes against human feelings, only concentrate on selling it and enriching their wallets. In this way, it not only violates public order and good customs, disturbs social order, but also may lead to imprisonment.
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