Chen Xianzhang, whose real name is Gong Fu, is called Shi Zhai. Ming Xuande was born on June 265438 +2654381October+1October 26th (1428165438+1October 26th) in Metropolitan Township, Xinhui County, Guangdong Province. When I was a child, my family moved to Baisha Township, Jiangmen, and the literati called Mr. Baisha by the name of the township. He died in the 13th year of Ming Hongzhi (1500) at the age of 73.

Baisha was born in the twelfth year of orthodoxy. At the age of 20, he took the provincial examination and won the ninth place. After that, I went to Beijing several times and failed in the exam. Nineteen years of Chenghua (1483), 56 years old. The recommended official was awarded the "Review of the Hanlin Academy" and returned to Baisha Township to study and give lectures in Biyulou. Since then, he has never been an official. Although Baisha was not an official all his life, he was famous for Neo-Confucianism and became an outstanding Neo-Confucianism, educator, calligrapher and poet in the Ming Dynasty. Its theory is called "White Sands Theory" or "Jiangmen School".

The purpose of Baisha's lectures is not flashy, but practical, which runs counter to the traditional school-running style of official schools that was popular at that time and indulged in fame and fortune. It broke through the academic authority of the orthodox school, liberated the shackles of the traditional system and opened up a new road for scholars.

Bai Sha's academic thought had a far-reaching influence and positive effect on the development of China culture, especially Lingnan culture, and laid the position of Lingnan culture in the development of China culture. His theory is known as "opening the door alone, transcendent and extraordinary" and "Taoism has been taught for three thousand years, spreading Confucius and Mencius and learning from Shao Cheng and Zhu Xi". Therefore, he was also honored as a "great scholar" and a "sage", and was honored as a "father-in-law" after his death, becoming the only scholar who worshipped Confucius Temple in ancient Guangdong, China. Therefore, it has the reputation of "one person in Lingnan".

Mr. Baisha is a contemporary poet. His poems are lofty and elegant, with the style of Tao Yuanming and Shao Kangjie. Zhang Xu said: "His poems are also god-fearing, and some of them are not available to the ancients." He often talks about Taoism in poetry, which is full of philosophy, so he has the reputation of "White Sands Poetry is like Zen". Poetry is approachable, straightforward without carving, and full of philosophical works, which is the most distinctive and lofty in Ming poetry.

Besides Neo-Confucianism, poetry and literature, Baisha is better at writing books. His calligraphy was transplanted from Ou Yangxun, and it became self-contained with the help of Misu. When I was young, I wrote with a brush, but cursive was the best. One of the famous calligraphy axes handed down from generation to generation is written with a brush. In his later years, he was fond of the calligraphy created by white sand and bound by Mao Xin, which was called "Mao Long". Now the tablet of Ciyuan Temple in Yamen was written by Baisha in his later years with Mao Long. The appearance of Baisha calligraphy washed away the weak and lax calligraphy style since Yuan Dynasty and changed the calligraphy of Ming Dynasty. This is Baisha's contribution to calligraphy attainments.

Gao Yan

Gao Yan (16 16- 1689) was a master of landscape painting in Guangdong in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. See the public by words. Gao Yan, a native of Xinhui, Guangdong Province, is a man of noble character, well-read and good at writing and painting. At that time, he was called the "Three Musts" and made friends with,, Ji, Chen Gongyin, etc. In the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), Shangkexi, the king of Pingnan, settled in Guangdong and lived in Guangzhou with a high reputation. He was invited to be an official many times, but he was rejected. Gao Yan painted landscapes and flowers, but his works are not easy for people, especially bureaucrats. In my later years, my artistic attainments have improved, and I can paint in the moonlight, which is better than painting in the daytime. Because his surname is Gao, he is called "Gao Shi". The masterpiece is the Night Clock Map of Autumn Temple, which was painted in the early Qing Dynasty. It is the masterpiece of his vigorous pen and profound skill in his life. There is also the "Twelve Scenes of Xinhui", which reproduces Zhou Gang's picturesque landscape. Lin Qiu's View of Waterfalls was praised by the painter as "pen and ink in Lingnan". Gao Yan died in the 28th year of Kangxi (1689) at the age of 73. Author of Dushantang Collection.

Sean

Sean (1805- 1875) is the founder of Cai Lifo Boxing. The dictionary is in English, and the number is Courtyard. Guangdong Xinhui Moya Xijing Meicun Gongbeili people. At the age of 7, he studied Buddhist boxing with his uncle Chen Yuanhu (a lay disciple of Shaolin Temple). Daoguang spent three years (1823), first studied in Li Youshan for four years, and then studied under Cai Fu. In the 14th year of Daoguang (1834), Sean went down the mountain and returned to his hometown. In the following two years, he painstakingly studied what he had learned, collected the achievements of Cai Fu, Li Youshan and Chen Yuanhu, and created a set of boxing methods with 49 sets of boxing paths, which was called "Cai Lifo Boxing". In the third year of Xianfeng, after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising, Chen evaded the Qing court, recruited rural volunteers, took his family to other places, and successively set up museums in Jiangmen, Nanhai, Shunde, Zhongshan, Dongguan and other places to collect disciples, promoting the skill of "Cai Lifo Boxing". Dozens of disciples from all over the world are famous for their academic achievements, including Chen Xiancheng, Chen Longdian, Chen, Long Zicai, Ruanhai and Zhang Yan. Sean was a screen friend in Shi Dakai, the wing king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. 1856 farewell to China in September. After the Qing court searched for the remnants of the Taiping Army, Chen fled to Hong Kong and taught "Iron Arrow Boxing" all over Nanyang, which was known as Cai Lifo's long fist and had a high reputation. After three years of Tongzhi (1864), Chen went to San Francisco and was hired as a national technician by overseas Chinese Chen Lianzong Association, with disciples all over the city. After seven years of Tongzhi (1868), Sean left the United States to live in his hometown. In the first year of Guangxu (1875), he died on September 10th at the age of 70.

Wu

Wu (1842—— 1922), formerly known as Wu Xu, was born in Yan 'an, the glorious capital of Malacca, Malaya, in Guanlaiqiao, Xinhui County. /kloc-When he was 0/8 years old, he returned from Singapore with his father Wu and lived in Fangcun, Guangzhou. He doesn't like the study of chapters and sentences, but likes reading books, history classes and novels, and has a particularly strong interest in new culture. Later, he transferred to a missionary school, met the British pastor Yan Huilin, and was recommended to attend St. Paul's College in Hong Kong. During his school days, he not only concentrated on studying English, mathematics, physics and other courses, but also cared about society.

1858, Wu Gangman 16 years old, founded Chinese and foreign newspapers in Hongkong, which was the first time for China people to run their own daily newspapers. After graduating with honors from Sao Paulo College, Wu was hired as an interpreter in the High Court of Hong Kong. In addition to working in the High Court and the Chinese and Foreign Bulletin, he also helped Chen Aiting set up Hong Kong Huazi Daily at 1864. 1870, Wu was transferred as the chief translator of the Hong Kong Inspection Department.

From 65438 to 0874, with the desire of saving the country and governing the country, Wu raised funds by himself and went to Lincoln Law School in London for further study. After three years of hard study, she became the first China native to receive a doctorate in English law.

1March, 877, Wu returned to Hong Kong from England. On May 18, the Department of Justice of Hong Kong officially announced him as a barrister. Wu fought against the forces of racial discrimination in order to safeguard the interests of Hong Kong compatriots. 1878 In August, Governor Hennessy opposed racial discrimination and abolished flogging, which won the support of Hong Kong compatriots, but caused dissatisfaction among British residents. Wu, Liang An and others held a meeting in tung wah hospital to study countermeasures, and decided to attend the mass meeting held at the Hong Kong Stadium on October 7th, 65438. On October 7th, 65438/KLOC-0, when the meeting passed to allow flogging, Wu protested and led China people to leave the meeting. In June of the same year, 1 1 initiated by the board of directors of tung wah hospital and signed by 130 Chinese tycoons requested the Queen of England to remain as the attached governor; In addition, there are more than 2,000 Chinese signatures asking the Queen of England to abolish flogging. These two petitions were submitted to the Governor by representatives such as Wu and others. Later, with the approval of the Queen of England, Hong Kong abolished flogging. Wu dared to stand up and argue according to reason, and won praise from Chinese and foreign people for Hong Kong people's actions to strive for national equality and protect the interests of Chinese. The Governor understands that Wu has become the leader of China, and he can be used to do a good job in China affairs and stabilize Hong Kong. Therefore, in June 65438+February 65438+June of the same year, Wu was appointed as a Justice of the Peace, the only one among the 40 Justices of the Peace in China. Since then, Ng Ting-fang has been appointed as a member of the Legislative Council, a magistrate of the Hong Kong Government and the vice chairman of Po Leung Kuk.

1882, Wu was invited by Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang in Qing government, and was recruited into his shogunate as legal adviser to assist in westernization and foreign affairs. Later, he served as a member of Beiyang Westernization Bureau, Minister of Justice, Minister of Chamber of Commerce, Assistant Minister of Commerce, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Assistant Minister of Punishment. From June 1896 1 1 to June 19 10, Wu You was promoted to the rank of minister of Sipintang, and served as minister in the United States, Japan and Peru twice. Wu also assisted the Qing government in revising the current criminal law and compiling civil and criminal procedure laws.

19110 Wuchang Uprising, Wu actively supported Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary idea of overthrowing the imperial system and establishing a republic. He wrote to Zai Feng, the Regent of the Qing Dynasty, and Yi Xu, the Prince of the Qing Dynasty, suggesting that the Qing emperor abdicate and establish a republic. In "To Qing Di Qing Shu", he said: "The north and south of the Yangtze River are independent one after another, and their aim is to build a republic in addition to the accumulated disadvantages of autocracy. The situation is precarious, and it is impossible to live all day, let the monarch submit to the people and enjoy the happiness of the Republic. This article caused a sensation in the ruling and opposition parties. "

1 91265438+1October1,Nanjing provisional government was established. Sun Yat-sen appointed Wu as Chief Justice. Soon, Yuan Shikai usurped the fruits of the revolution, attacked the Revolution of 1911 and advocated the public opinion of restoring the monarchy. Wu wrote "On the Governance of the Republic of China" in response to this public opinion and ideological trend, and comprehensively expounded that a democratic Republic should strengthen comprehensive governance from the aspects of national education, talent training, finance and taxation, mineral resources, judicial independence, ethnic religion, marriage and family, power use, diplomatic relations, newspapers and news, printing and publishing, etc. Wu also likes to read various books, such as Confucianism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. And study the way of fitness. He wrote a book, The New Law of Life Extension. Later, Sun Yat-sen was elected as the navy and army marshal of the military government of the Republic of China on 19 17 September 1 day, and Wu was appointed as the foreign minister.

1in April, 922, after Chen Jiongming, the governor of Guangdong Province, was dismissed for colluding with the northern warlords and sabotaging the Northern Expedition, Wu became the chief financial officer and governor of Guangdong. On June 6th, Chen Jiongming launched an armed rebellion in Guangzhou, shelling the Guanyinshan Presidential Palace. Sun Yat-sen escaped from danger and boarded the Yongfeng ship to confront the rebels. At this time, Chen Jiongming tried to win over Wu and his son against Sun Yat-sen, but Wu flatly refused, risking his life and insisting on cooperating with Sun Yat-sen. 17, he and his son Wu Chaoshu went to the Yongfeng ship to meet Sun Yat-sen, accepted Sun Yat-sen's instructions, and promptly informed the consulates in Guangdong to strictly observe neutrality and not help the rebels.

Wu fell ill with anger because of this incident. He died in Guangzhou on June 23rd of that year at the age of 8 1 and was buried in Yiwanggang, the eastern suburb of Guangzhou. Dr. Sun Yat-sen personally wrote the words "People perished" to express his condolences.

Ping Shan Fung

Fung ping shan (1860— 193 1) was born in Chao 'an, also known as Kang, and was born in Hirayama. People in Gaodili, Zen Bay Street, Huicheng Town, Xinhui County. He is the first generation of Chinese entrepreneurs and bankers in Hong Kong, and also a famous philanthropist in Hong Kong and other provinces.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he was appointed as an official of Guanglu Temple and a doctor of Zhongxian County (level 6 official position). 1924 was awarded the honorary title of "Justice of the Peace" by the British government in Hong Kong on April 23rd. He was very concerned about Moritz's cultural education and social charity and welfare all his life. He founded schools and built libraries in Xinhui, Guangzhou, Hongkong and other places, which cost more than one million yuan, and made indelible contributions to the country's talent cultivation and the benefit of Mu Zi. Now Xinhui Jingtang Library has been established with donations.

liang qichao

Liang Qichao (1873- 1929) is an outstanding figure, with the title of Rengong and the title of owner of an ice house. Guangdong Xinhui people.

12 years old is a scholar, and 17 years old is known as a "prodigy". Later, I worshipped Kang Youwei as my teacher. 23-year-old (1895) went to Beijing to take the exam, and followed Kang Youwei to launch a "bus book". The following year, he was the editor-in-chief of The Times in Shanghai, published the General Theory of Reform, and edited the book Western Politics. He was invited to give lectures in The Times of Changsha, actively advocated and promoted the Reform Movement, and entered Beijing in 1898. After the failure of the famous Reform Movement, he traveled to Japan with Kang Youwei and others.

After the Revolution of 1911, he served as Chief Justice of Yuan Shikai. 19 16 instigated Cai E to organize the anti-yuan national defense army, organize the research department, and work with Duan as the chief financial officer. During the May 4th Movement, both the poetry revolution and the novel revolution advocated improving the style. In his later years, he abandoned politics and became a writer. He taught in Nanjing University and Tsinghua University successively, and gave lectures in Tianjin and Nanjing universities. With his rich and extensive knowledge, he has trained a group of talents who will become great talents in the future. At the same time, he devoted himself to studying the political thought and academic origin of China's history and achieved fruitful results.

Liang Qichao was patriotic all his life and determined to reform. He influenced or influenced the changes of modern history with the talent of "jumping tiger in Wolong". He advocated learning from capitalism to make China's political reform stronger. He is "a great talent like the sea", "familiar with Chinese and foreign ancient and modern, famous all over the world" He was one of the leaders of the Reform Movement in China in the late Qing Dynasty, and an outstanding politician, thinker, scholar and writer in modern history. His works are rich, mainly "The Ice Room Collection".

Feng

Feng (1884.6.3- 1984) is a native of Xinhui, Guangdong. I have been a good painter since I was a child. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, he went to Guangzhou as a child laborer and studied portrait painting under Yuan Zushu. 18 years old takes pictures for a living. 1906 went to work and study at the National Academy of Fine Arts in Imperial Capital, Mexico. 19 1 1 went to the United States, where he studied portrait painting in San Francisco's Bujili Academy of Fine Arts, Chicago Academy of Fine Arts and new york Jiujie Student Art Research Association. 1922 returned to China, participated in the establishment of Guangzhou Fine Arts School, and served as the school director. In the same year, he founded the art group "Red Society" with Hu Gentian and others. 1938 Go to Hong Kong to make a living by painting. 1949 returned to Guangzhou to settle down. 1956 was employed as the research librarian of Guangdong literature and history, and later served as the deputy curator. Member of China Artists Association, member of Guangdong Federation of Literary and Art Circles, director of Guangdong Branch of Artists Association. Good at oil painting. 19 19 participated in the National Art Exhibition 1929, now in China Art Museum. Fish, created in 196 1, participated in the third national art exhibition and was collected by China Art Museum. In his later years, his works included a portrait of a young woman.