Homer (about 9th-8th century BC) was a famous Greek poet. According to legend, he collected various legends about the Trojan War around 12 BC into two famous epics, Iliad and Odyssey.

Aesop (about 6th century BC) was an ancient Greek fable writer. According to legend, he was a slave and later became free. He is good at telling fables and satirizing powerful people. Famous articles: farmer and snake, fox and grape, Hermes statue, mosquito and lion.

France

Moliere (1622- 1673) is one of the most outstanding comedians in Europe. The representative work "hypocrite" created a false image of Darduff who lied, acted differently and put on airs. His famous plays include Don Juan and The Miser. Abagong, the hero of the latter, is a usurer who makes a fortune. In order to explore money without limit, he became extremely greedy and stingy. Bao's character reflects the characteristics of the French bourgeoisie in the primitive accumulation period.

Rousseau (17 12- 1778) is a French enlightenment thinker, philosopher, educator and writer. He advocated "returning to nature" in social thought and emphasized "natural feelings" in literature and art. His representative works include the epistolary novel New Ai Luo Si Qi, the educational novel Emily, and the autobiography Confessions. He is also one of the outstanding French prose writers.

Stendhal (1783- 1842) is one of the founders of French critical realism literature. The masterpiece Red and Black describes Julian Sohail, a civilian youth, who retaliated against the feudal aristocracy and the big bourgeoisie in order to realize his personal ambition, reflecting the social life and contradictions during the restoration of monarchy. His other works include Bama Temple and Loufan in Lv Xian (red and white).

Balzac (1799-1859)19th century French literary master of critical realism. The masterpiece Eugenie Grandet. Grandet is cunning, greedy and stingy, which is typical of the early bourgeoisie. His main works are Gao Laotou, Aunt Bei, Disillusionment and The Story of Donkey's Skin. Engels thinks that his "great works are endless elegies for the inevitable collapse of the upper class".

Dumas (1802- 1870) is a French writer. His masterpieces include three musketeers and The Count of Monte Cristo.

Hugo (1802- 1885) was the leader of French romantic literature movement in the 9th century, and he was a good representative writer. Notre Dame de Paris is his most outstanding romantic work, which successfully created two kind and naive protagonists, the beautiful gypsy woman Esmeralda and the bell ringer quasimodo. The social epic Les Miserables accuses the cruelty of the ruling class and reflects the tragic fate of the workers through the life experience of the protagonist Jean Valjean under the autocratic system. His main works are the novels Marine Laborer, Smiling Man and 93.

Portal (18 16- 1888) is a French poet and the author of The Internationale. Full name: Eugene Porter.

Flaubert (182 1- 1880) is an outstanding realistic novelist in France. The masterpiece Madame Bovary. Money and so-called love drove the heroine Emma to commit suicide by taking poison.

Verne (1828- 1905) is a French novelist. He has written many sci-fi adventure novels, such as Captain Grant's Daughter, Two Wan Li under the Sea, Journey to the Center of the Earth, Mysterious Island, Around the Earth for Eighty Days, Around the Moon and From Earth to the Moon.

Dude (1840- 1897) is a French realistic writer. With the Franco-Prussian War as the background, he wrote many novels with patriotism as the theme, and The Last Lesson and Around Berlin enjoyed a high reputation. The last lesson, the young Frances, the teacher Mr. Hamel and the veteran Colonel Ruff in the siege of Berlin are all vivid. Little Things is his semi-autobiographical novel.

Zola (1840- 1902) is a French naturalist novelist. His main work is The Lugong-Markard Family, which consists of 20 novels, among which the most important ones are Inn, Nana, Germination, Money and Collapse.

Mo Bosang (1850-1893)19 was a French writer of critical realism at the end of the century, and also a master of short stories in the history of world literature. When I was a beginner in writing, I got Flaubert's guidance and Turgenev helped him. 1880, the short story boule de suif was published in the famous novel Night in Meitang. Famous short stories include My Uncle Yule, Necklace, Miloon's Dad and so on. The novels "Life" and "Good Friends" (also translated as "Bellamy") are also included in the world famous works.

Romain rolland (1866- 1944) is a French writer, musician and social activist. John Christophe's masterpiece. 19 15 to obtain Nobel Prize in Literature. His important works include the novel Happy Soul, biographies of Beethoven, Michelangelo, Tolstoy and Gandhi.

Germany

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Goethe (1749- 1832) is a German poet, playwright, thinker and the most outstanding representative of German classical literature and national literature. The epistolary novel Young Werther denies and criticizes various decadent phenomena in feudal society. Witt is a typical young intellectual of Germany's emerging civil class in the18th century. This novel became the first internationally influential work in Germany. Faust is his masterpiece and the pinnacle of his creation. Describe the protagonist Faust's painful course of seeking truth all his life.

Schiller (1759- 1805) is a German playwright and poet. His major works include plays Conspiracy and Love (masterpiece), Robber, Wallenstein and William Tell, works of aesthetic and literary criticism, letters of aesthetic education, simple poems and sentimental poems. Schiller and Goethe are close friends in literature, and they are the founders of modern German national literature.

Jacob green (1785- 1863) and william green (1786- 1859) are German linguists and fairy tale writers. Children and Family Fairy Tales (commonly known as Grimm's Fairy Tales) has been translated into many languages. Famous articles include Cinderella, Snow White, Frog Prince, Fisherman and his wife, Little Red Riding Hood, brave little tailor, young giant and so on.

Heine (1797- 1856) is a German poet and political commentator. 1843, when he met Marx, he wrote a collection of political poems "Poetry of the Times", the most famous of which was "Textile Workers in Silesia". His masterpiece is a long political satire Germany-A Fairy Tale in Winter.

Nietzsche (1844- 1900), a German idealist philosopher and literary theorist, advocated that artists should highly expand themselves and express themselves. His main works are Zarathustra, The Birth of Tragedy, etc.

Britain, England

Chaucer (about 1300- 1400) is the earliest representative of British humanist writers. The representative work The Story of Kate Burleigh.

Bacon (156 1- 1626) is an English philosopher and essayist. It is pointed out that knowledge is power, and the purpose of mastering knowledge is to know nature in order to conquer it. Knowledge, opportunity, luck, family, death and other famous articles.

Shakespeare (154- 16 16) was a playwright and poet in the English Renaissance. Comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream, Merchant of Venice, historical dramas Richard III and Henry IV, tragedies Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth, and drama Romeo and Juliet. His plays are not only the symbol of the highest literary achievements in Britain, but also in Europe. Shakespeare is regarded as "the soul of the times" and "he belongs to all centuries rather than one era".

Milton (1608- 1674) is an English poet and political critic. Long poems Paradise Lost, paradise regained and Samson.

Defoe (about 1660- 173 1) is an English novelist. Robinson Crusoe, the representative work, reflects the demand for "personal freedom" during the rising period of the bourgeoisie. Robinson, the hero, has lived alone on a desert island for 28 years and improved his living environment by working.

Jane Austen (1775- 18 17) wrote Pride and Prejudice.

Byron (1788- 1824) is an active romantic poet in England. The long poem The Travels of Childe Harold is a romantic narrative poem. The long narrative poem Don Juan is a mature work of Byron's political thoughts and artistic skills.

Shelley (1792- 1822) is an active romantic writer in Britain. Prometheus Liberated, a poetic drama, expresses the belief of winning the struggle against autocratic rule and the ideal of utopian socialism. Lyric short poems, such as ode to the west wind and Ode to a Lark.

Dickens (18 12- 1870) was a great British realistic novelist in the 9th century. His important works include The Biography of Pickwick, david copperfield, Hard Times, A Tale of Two Cities and so on.

Bronte Charlotte Brontexq (18 16- 1855) is a British woman writer. The masterpiece Jane Eyre. (2) emily bronte (18 18- 1848), a British female writer, is the sister of the former, and her main work is Wuthering Heights. (3) anne bronte (1820- 1849), a British female writer, is the sister of the first two, and her main work is Agnes Gray.

Hardy (1840- 1928) is a famous British writer. His major works are Tess of the D 'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure. Hardy's works truly reflect people's poverty and unhappy life, and profoundly expose bourgeois civilization and morality.

Bernard Shaw (1856- 1950), an English playwright of critical realism, was born in Ireland. Famous plays include Mrs. Warren's Occupation, Apple Car, Major Barbara and The Truth. 1925 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Conan Doyle (1859- 1930) is an English writer. Sherlock Holmes, the representative of detective stories.

Ireland

Voynich (1864- 1960) is an Irish woman writer. The Gadfly, the main novel, describes the Italian people's struggle against Austrian rule in the 1930s, exposes the reactionary features of the Catholic Church and shapes the image of the bourgeois revolutionary Gadfly.

Spain

Cervantes (1547- 16 16) is an outstanding representative of Spanish humanistic literature in the Renaissance. His masterpiece Don Quixote. Italy

Dante (1265- 132 1) was the greatest poet from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, an outstanding representative of Italian literature in the Middle Ages and a pioneer of the European Renaissance. The masterpiece Divine Comedy is a long poem with more than14,000 lines, which is divided into three parts: hell, purgatory and heaven. In the form of fantasy stories and metaphors, it widely reflected the social life of Italy in the late Middle Ages, boldly condemned the evils of aristocratic and church rule, and expressed the anti-feudal and anti-church feelings of the people at that time.

Denmark

Andersen (1805- 1875) was the first Nordic writer to win world fame in the 9th century. The literary form of fairy tales vividly reflects the real life at that time. The Little Match Girl, The Ugly Duckling, The Emperor's New Clothes, The Daughter of the Sea and other famous articles.

Norway

Ibsen (1828- 1906) is the greatest playwright in Norway. Famous works such as A Doll's House, Pillars of Society and Public Enemy. Nora, the heroine portrayed in A Doll's House, greatly promoted the women's movement in China.

Russia

Pushkin (1799-1837)1a great Russian national poet in the 9th century, the main representative of Russian positive romantic literature and the founder of Russian critical realism literature. The masterpiece yevgeni onegin. Other important works include the Political Lyrics of a Siberian Prisoner, Ode to Freedom, the long narrative poem The Prisoner of the Caucasus, the short story The Postman and the Blizzard, the novella The Queen of Spades, the novel The Captain's Daughter, and the fairy tale The Story of the Fisherman and the Golden Fish. Gorky praised him as "the originator of Russian literature" and "the great Russian people's poet".

Nikolai Nikolai Gogol (1809- 1852) is the founder of Russian critical realism literature. Dikangka's Night Talk in the Country is his first famous work. Diary of a Madman describes a small official who has served the chief executive all his life and finds that "the best thing together" is occupied by "adults". He was completely disappointed, finally went crazy, and finally issued a call for "save the children." The most famous comedy is An Imperial Envoy. The novel Dead Soul is the pinnacle of his creation. Expose the meanness of the landlord class by portraying the speculative politician Ki Chikov.

Goncharov (1812-1891) is a famous Russian writer. The representative work Aubrey Lomov successfully created a typical image of the Russian landlord class. "Oblomov's character" has become synonymous with depression and inaction.

Turgenev (1818-1883)1a famous Russian critical realism writer in the 9th century. The first influential work is Hunter's Notes, which is a collection of short stories and essays. The novel Luo Ting and the House of the Aristocrats reflect 19 the life of Russian society in 1930s and 1940s, especially the aristocratic intellectuals. Luo Ting is a new model in the ranks of "redundant people". The novel The Night Before created the image of the Bulgarian revolutionary Salov, an Englishman. Father and Son depicts the ideological conflict between aristocratic liberals and Bazarov, a civilian intellectual and radical democrat.

Dostoevsky (1821-1881) was a famous Russian critical realism writer in the 9th century. Crime and Punishment, the masterpiece, describes the mental burden borne by Raskonikov, a poor law student, after killing an old woman who was usurious, and finally surrendered himself and sought relief. Other novellas include The Poor, Insulted and Damaged Novels, Idiot and so on.

Lev tolstoy (1828- 19 10) is a Russian master of critical realism. The masterpiece War and Peace is set in the Russian-French War of 18 12. Anna karenin is the symbol of his criticism of the new development of realism. Anna is a figure who pursues the liberation of bourgeois personality. She ran away from home, but was not allowed by the morality of the upper class, and finally committed suicide by lying on the track. Resurrection is his last novel. The protagonists Nekhludoff and Maslova moved towards spiritual and moral revival through repentance and forgiveness, which made "human nature" move from loss to resurrection.

Chekhov (1860- 1904) is a famous Russian writer who criticizes realistic literature. He has made outstanding achievements in the creation of short stories, such as The Death of a Little Civil Servant, The Chameleon and The Man in the Trap.