Buddhist Translation from Han Dynasty to Tang and Song Dynasties: From Han Dynasty to Tang and Song Dynasties, Buddhism was introduced into China and merged with China's traditional Confucianism and Taoism. With the introduction of Buddhist scriptures, Indian philosophy, literature, art, medicine, astronomy, arithmetic and even language have exerted a certain influence in China. However, the translation activities in this period were mainly aimed at spreading religion. In the translation history of China, there are three famous translators, namely Kumarajiva, Zhen Yan and Xuan Zang.
Scientific Translation in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties: During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Xu Guangqi and Matteo Ricci co-translated Euclid's Elements of Geometry and Meaning of Measurement, which marked the directional change of China's translation. Scientific translation in the late Ming Dynasty was the beginning for a few people of insight in China to try to break through the long-term feudal conservatism and arrogance and consciously open their eyes to see the world. Strictly speaking, the scientific translation activities in the early Qing Dynasty mainly revolved around Emperor Kangxi's personal interests. He used missionaries to translate a few books about astronomical instruments, calendars, geography and mathematics.
From the Opium War to the May 4th Movement, Lin Shu and Yan Fu were the first representatives of China's translation during the Opium War. ? From the May 4th Movement to the founding of New China, China's translation activities made great contributions to the spread of Marxism-Leninism and world literature in China. The typical feature of translated works in this period is to use vernacular Chinese instead of classical Chinese, which makes excellent literary works in the East and the West have more readers. The study of translation theory has also extended to linguistics, philosophy, aesthetics and psychology, which has laid a good foundation for the systematization and scientification of translation theory in China.
Translation of Eastern and Western Literature from the Early Founding of the People's Republic of China to the Cultural Revolution: After the founding of New China, China's translation achievements surpassed any period in history. We translated the complete works of Marx and Engels and the selected works of Mao Zedong in an organized, planned and systematic way. Our research achievements in translation theory are remarkable, our translation level has been greatly improved, and we have reached a consensus on translation standards. We introduce foreign culture and advanced science and technology to China, and also introduce China's national conditions and development to foreign countries. From the early days of the People's Republic of China to before the Cultural Revolution, it was only 17 years. In fact, it really flourished in the 1950s.
Since the 1970s, translation has developed in all fields: this translation climax, which started in the 1970s and is still in the ascendant, has greatly surpassed the 1950s in terms of scale, scope, quality and contribution to the social development of China. China's translation team was not a few thousand people at that time, but a mighty army with hundreds of thousands of people. Their translation field is no longer a "hundred flowers blossom" in literature and art, but a "hundred flowers blossom" in social sciences, science and technology, military affairs, diplomacy, trade, law, culture and education, health and other fields, which is second to none in the history of world culture. The emergence of this translation climax is first of all the result of the arrival of the global information age.
According to the specific types of problems, step disassembly/cause principle analysis/content expansion, etc.
The specific steps are as follows:/The main reasons for this situation are ...