1, Xi 'an-immortal city

Xi 'an, known as Chang 'an in ancient times, was once known as Fengjing, Haojing, Jingzhao, Xijing, Daxing City and Fengyuan City. It is the first of many ancient capitals in China. It is the capital with the longest history, the most dynasties and the greatest influence in China. It is the cradle of the Chinese nation, the birthplace of Chinese civilization and the representative of Chinese culture.

From the Western Zhou Dynasty, when slavery reached its peak, to the Tang Dynasty, when feudal society reached its peak, 13 dynasties, including the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty, Xin Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty (Yu), former Zhao Dynasty, former Qin Dynasty, later Qin Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, established their capital here for more than 1200 years. It is also the capital of peasant uprising regimes such as Chimei, Lvlin, Daqi (Huang Chao) and Dashun (Li Zicheng).

2. Rome-an eternal city

The capital and largest city of Italy. Located in the lower reaches of the Tiber River plain, 25 kilometers east of tyrrhenian sea. There are 24 bridges across the banks of the Tiber River in the urban area. National political, economic, cultural and transportation center. The population is 2.83 million (1989). The birthplace of ancient Rome. Mediterranean climate. It is a treasure house of art, a famous cultural city and the seat of the Roman Catholic Church.

It is the largest city in Italy and one of the most famous tourist destinations in the world. At the beginning of 2000 BC, the Romans moved here from the northeast. From the eighth century BC to the fourth century BC, castles were built and early Roman cities gradually formed. From 756 to 1870, it was the capital of the papal state, and 1870 became the capital of Italy after the unification of the kingdom of Italy (the papal state retreated to the Vatican).

3. Athens-the city of gods

It is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens is located at the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing the sea on one side. It is located 8 kilometers southwest of Farley Bay in the Aegean Sea and has a subtropical Mediterranean climate. The Kifexos and Ilixos rivers run through the city. There are many hills in this city.

Athens is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a recorded history of over 3000 years. Now Athens is the eighth largest city in Europe. Athens is the economic, financial, industrial, political and cultural center of Greece. Athens is also one of the commercial centers of the European Union. The urban population is 3.3 million, and the suburban population is 3.8 million. The urban area is 39 square kilometers, and the suburb is 4 12 square kilometers.

4. Cairo-City of Pyramids

Cairo, the capital of Egypt, straddles the Nile and is the political, economic and commercial center of the whole Middle East. It consists of Cairo, Giza and Qaljub provinces, commonly known as Grand Cairo. With a population of about16.75 million (200 1), Greater Cairo is the largest city in Egypt and the Arab world and one of the oldest cities in the world.

The ancient Egyptians called Cairo "the mother of the city" and the Arabs called Cairo "Kale", meaning conqueror or winner. The Nile is a famous river in the world. After flowing through the urban area, it divides into two tributaries and continues to flow northward into the Mediterranean Sea that separates Europe and Africa, forming a vast and rich Nile Delta. Cairo, the capital, is at the top of this delta.

Extended data

The ancient capital refers to the political center of the ancient dynasty, and is often its economic and cultural center. So its setting should be relatively stable. However, with the development of national politics and economy and the need of expanding the situation, Kyoto often moves from the old capital to a more suitable new capital.

In the history of China, not only have many regimes experienced the gradual shift of Kyoto status in their own development, but on the whole, the status of Kyoto in past dynasties has also shown the shift mainly from east to west and then from north to south. The relocation of Kyoto must also consider various geographical factors.

In the history of China, the capital of a unified dynasty or a global political power is also called the capital, the capital, the national capital and the capital. Kyoto is not only the political center of a dynasty, but also its economic and cultural center.

Baidu encyclopedia-ancient capital

Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Ancient Capitals in the World