The change of Jingkang, an extremely rich and powerful Song Dynasty suddenly collapsed, and before most people could react, they quickly fell to the bottom. There are some objective reasons, but more are human factors. Who caused the disaster in Jingkang? This topic has been very popular since the Southern Song Dynasty.
The shame of Jingkang occurred in the Jingkang period of Emperor Song Qinzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, hence the name. "The Change of Jingkang" is also the most shameful historical event in the history of ancient Han Chinese ruling the world.
Second, the first foreign rule: the Southern Song Dynasty perished in 1279.
1234, the state of Jin was destroyed by Mongolia. The following year, the Mongols went south, but they were stopped by Song Jun on the north bank of the Yangtze River. 1267, Kublai Khan once again led the elite troops to make a comeback.
1273, Xiangyang fell. 1276, Mongolian troops captured Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. 1279, 19 In March, the desperate remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty were surrounded by Mongolian troops in Yashan, Guangdong. When Lu Xiufu, 43, saw that he could not break through, he jumped into the sea with Zhao Min, 8, on his back. More than 100,000 soldiers and civilians accompanying him also committed suicide by jumping into the sea. More than100000 bodies are floating at sea.
Third, the biggest shame of * * * being captured: the change of 1449.
In February of 14th year of Ming Dynasty (1449), Mongolian Wala tribe leaders also sent more than 2,000 people to pay tribute to horses, asking the Ming government to reward them. Because eunuch Wang Zhen refused to give more rewards and reduced the price of horses by four fifths, they could not meet their demands, which led to trouble.
In July this year, he commanded various ministries and harassed the mainland in four ways. On the east road, attack Liaodong from Toto Buhua and Wuliangha. On the west road, the faction will attack Ganzhou (now Zhangye, Gansu); The middle road is the focus of the attack, which is divided into two ways. One is under the command of Alazhi Institute, which directly attacked the red cities around Fu Xuan.
Fourth, the bloody case caused by braid: A.D. 1645, the Qing army bloodbath Yangzhou.
At the beginning of May 1645, the Qing army approached Yangzhou. Shi Kefa, a general in the late Ming Dynasty, refused the deadline for the Qing army to ask him to surrender. On may 13, the Qing army began to attack the city. On the 20th, Yangzhou fell. Shi Kefa was finally killed in cold blood. The Qing army then began to slaughter in Yangzhou city. In the bloody massacre of 10 day, nearly 800,000 people died under the butcher's knife of the Qing army!
1840 The British Expeditionary Force launched the Opium War.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, in order to reverse the trade deficit with China, Britain began to smuggle drugs and opium to China for huge profits. 1June, 839, Lin Zexu overcame all difficulties and publicly destroyed opium in Humen, which aroused the anger of the British. 1840 In June, the British Expeditionary Force consisting of 45 warships and 5,000 soldiers rushed into the southeast coast of China, and the Sino-British Opium War officially broke out.
At the beginning of the war, China's soldiers and civilians rose up to resist and dealt a heavy blow to the British invaders. However, the decadent feudal system could not resist the British aggression. The war ended with China's failure and reparations, and the first unequal treaty in China's history, treaty of nanking, was signed.
China began to cede territory, pay reparations and negotiate tariffs to foreign countries, which seriously endangered China's sovereignty. The Opium War made China a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and lost its independent status.
Baidu Encyclopedia-The Change of Jingkang
Baidu Encyclopedia-Changes in Civil Engineering
Baidu Encyclopedia-Slaughterhouse Incident in Early Qing Dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia-The First Opium War