First, the material basis and essence of human society

(A) the relationship between social existence and social consciousness is the basic problem of historical view.

Historical materialism holds that social existence is the material aspect of social life.

Social existence is composed of natural geographical environment, population factors, material means of production and other social material living conditions. Its most essential content is the mode of production of material data.

Social consciousness is the spiritual level of social life. Social consciousness is the reflection of social existence, which summarizes all the elements of human consciousness and all the spiritual phenomena of society.

The principle of historical materialism on the relationship between social existence and social consciousness is the embodiment of Marxist philosophy on the basic problems of philosophy in the field of social history.

(B) the role of geographical environment and population factors in the formation and development of society

1. Geographical environment

(1) The meaning of geographical environment

Geographical environment is the natural condition for human existence, which becomes the element of social existence through human practical activities, and is the sum of various natural conditions related to human social geographical position.

(2) The position and principle of geographical environment in social development.

Geographical environment is a necessary condition for social survival and development.

(3) Philosophical criticism of geographical environment determinism.

It is not historical materialism to deny the significance of geographical environment to the existence and development of society. But we can't exaggerate the decisive role of geographical environment, and then fall into the misunderstanding of "geographical environment determinism"

(4) The practical significance of mastering the principle of geographical environment in social existence and development.

This principle inspires us to attach importance to the role of natural geographical environment, maintain ecological balance and transform the natural environment according to the laws of nature and society. This is an important condition for the practical implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development. [Contact Scientific Outlook on Development]

2. Demographic factors

Population factor is a necessary condition for social existence and development, and plays an important role in social development. But population production itself does not play a decisive role in social development.

(3) The mode of production is the basis for the existence and development of human society.

1. Mode of production is a logical category to grasp social production practice.

2. The meaning and essence of mode of production

Productivity is the material content of production mode, and production relations are the social form of production mode (production activities).

3. The mode of production (i.e. production activities) is the decisive force for the development of human society.

(D) Coordinated development of human social and natural.

(e) the actual nature of society

How to understand the essence of society is the core issue of historical view. Marx pointed out that "all social life is practical in essence", which scientifically revealed the essence of human society for the first time in the history of human thought.

Practice is the birthplace of social relations. Practice inherently contains three relationships:

(1) the relationship between man and nature

(2) the relationship between people.

③ that relationship between man and self-consciousness.

These relationships, that is, the social relationship of material and the social relationship of thought, constitute the most basic relationship of human society.

(vi) Social organisms and social structures

1, the meaning of social organism

Social organism is a general category including all social life and their relations, which means that human society is a whole formed by the coexistence and interdependence of various relations based on the mode of production.

2. Social structure

Social structure refers to the way in which social elements are interrelated, and its content is the social relationship between people.

Second, the economic structure of society.

(A) the functional content of the social and economic structure

From the content, the socio-economic structure is the relations of production.

(B) the connotation and components of productive forces

Productivity is people's practical ability to solve the contradiction in social and natural, which represents the relationship between man and nature.

The elements of productivity are divided into two categories:

First, substantive elements, including laborers, labor materials and labor objects. Another kind of productivity is intelligence or permeability, including technology and management.

(C) the characteristics of productive forces

1. The essence of productivity

Productivity is the ability to realize material transformation between man and nature, and its essence is the objectification of subject and object.

2. Characteristics of productive forces

(1) belongs to human nature (2) objectivity (3) sociality (4) historicity.

Science, technology and productivity

"Science and technology are the primary productive forces" essentially embodies the fundamental changes in the internal structure of science, technology and production. In modern times, the relationship between production, technology and science began with production, while in modern times, the integration process of science-technology-production began with science. Science and technology have become the growth point, breakthrough and decisive factor of modern productive forces, and the concentrated embodiment and main symbol of advanced productive forces.

(e) the nature and internal structure of production relations

The relationship of production is an objective material social relationship. (1) The relations of production exist objectively, which is essentially a social existence form of productive forces, and cannot be changed arbitrarily without the status of productive forces. (2) The relations of production are the relations of material interests.

Third, the political structure and cultural structure of society.

(a) The political structure of society and its constituent elements

1. The meaning of social and political structure

The political structure (political superstructure) includes two levels:

(1) political and legal facilities: refer to the entity elements such as political parties, political organs, military, police, courts and prisons;

(2) Political and legal system: refers to a system composed of political organization forms, legislation, judicature, constitution and other rules and norms. [classification]

2. The political superstructure is a "material appendage of thought"

These two parts of the political superstructure are formed through people's consciousness according to the requirements of the economic base, and are "material appendages of thought". From the point of view that its origin is determined by economic relations and always carries out certain ideological intentions, it is a social relationship established through people's thoughts, so it is derived and secondary.

3. In the political structure of society, state power is the core.

(B) social and cultural structure

The content of social and cultural structure includes ideology and non-ideology.

(C) the nature and characteristics of ideology

1. The general and special nature of ideology

(1) The general essence of ideology refers to its nature as a social consciousness.

(2) The particularity of ideology refers to its class nature.

2. The relative independence of ideology

Ideology is rooted in social existence, but once it comes into being, it has relative independence and special functions.

(1) Asynchronous (2) Historical Inheritance (3) Dynamic Response

Culture and its social function

1. The significance and social function of culture

Culture in a narrow sense refers to the social and cultural structure.

Culture in a broad sense is essentially "humanization".

2. The social function of culture. Inheriting knowledge, shaping education, cognitive function and condensing national spirit.

3. The definition of advanced culture

Advanced culture refers to a culture that reflects the development requirements of advanced productive forces, conforms to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people, represents the future development direction and is conducive to social progress. [One of Theory of Three Represents]

4. Promote the great development and prosperity of socialist culture (meaning and content of cultural construction)

(1) The great significance of cultural construction

Nowadays, culture has become an important source of national cohesion and creativity and an important factor in the competition of comprehensive national strength.

(2) the content of cultural construction

Improve the country's cultural soft power, better protect people's cultural rights and interests, and make people's mental outlook more high.

① Enhance the attraction and cohesion of socialist ideology. Building a socialist core value system,

Building a harmonious culture is an important spiritual support for the unity and progress of all the people.

③ Carry forward Chinese culture and build the spiritual home of the Chinese nation.

④ Promote cultural innovation at a high starting point of the times and enhance the vitality of cultural development.

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