1. Historically, Zhang Mingshi opened a long scroll of history, and Zhang Mingshi jumped out of the paper, with strategizing and Zhang Qian hollowing out the western regions; Zhang Fei, who has bravely crowned the three armies, and Zhang Xun, who has spilled blood; There are anti-gold star Zhang Jun and anti-Japanese hero Zhang Jing; Zhang Zizhong, the general of the * * * Army who died in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and Zhang, a famous soldier who repeatedly made meritorious military service in the War of Liberation, were outstanding and admired by future generations. Zhang's celebrities have also made outstanding contributions in the field of science, such as Zhang Heng, a sage of science, Zhang Zhongjing, a sage of medicine, etc., and have a long reputation. Monk Zhang and his party, who first measured the meridian of the earth, and Zhang, the first astronomer who discovered asteroids in China, are all outstanding figures in the Zhang family. They have also made outstanding achievements in social sciences. Zhang Zai, the founder of the philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty, a philosopher with the reputation of "sage in the southeast" in the Southern Song Dynasty, a representative of modern neo-Confucianism, and Zhang Dongxun, the founder of the first philosophy magazine in China, are also famous figures in the Zhang family. In the literary and art circles, the Zhang family has also made great achievements. There are Zhang Sengyou, one of the "four painters" in the Southern Dynasties, Zhang Zeduan, the author of the famous painting The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, Yao Zhang, the author of Ten Poems, and Zhang Daqian, a master of modern Chinese painting. Their works have become national treasures. Zhang is a well-known writer, who is famous at home and abroad. He is one of the "four bachelors" in the Song Dynasty, with his works such as a night-mooring near maple bridge and Moonlit Night on the Spring River. There is also Zhang Pu, a famous writer in the late Ming Dynasty and the founder of Fu She, whose works are well-known in the literary world and have a strong response. Zhang's celebrities include Zhang Boling, a famous educator, a publishing magnate, Zhang Jian, who went into business after winning the first prize, and Zhang Zhenxun, an overseas Chinese leader in Nanyang.

2. A famous figure surnamed Zhang in history: Zhang Yi, a famous political activist, strategist and diplomat of Wei State during the Warring States Period. Zhang Yi's Lian Heng strategy strengthened the strength of Qin State and accelerated the process of China's reunification.

Sean: Counselor of the Western Han Dynasty. (BC? -BC 186), minister in the early Han Dynasty, father of the city (now Bo County, Anhui Province), and an important counselor of Liu Bang.

Xiao He, Han Xin and others assisted Liu Bang in establishing the Western Han Dynasty and sealing Liu Hou. Liu bang called him "a thousand miles away from strategic planning."

Zhang Qian: A diplomat of the Western Han Dynasty, a native of Chenggu, Shaanxi. Two missions to the Western Regions established friendly exchanges between China and Central Asian countries.

In BC 139, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the State of Da Yue (in the Amu Darya River basin in present-day Central Asia). His mission is to help the people in this area resist the invaders.

Zhang Qian was imprisoned by Huns for 1 1 year, but after his release, he went to explore western China. His travel route passed through Afghanistan, and went straight to present-day Uzbekistan and Samarkand, China.

No one had been so far west of China at that time. So Zhang Qian brought back to the emperor the news he first heard in China about Indian, Middle East and European countries.

Later, China Merchants took silk and jade articles, climbed mountains and mountains along the route that Zhang Qian passed, came to the northwest of China, and crossed the Gobi Desert. This route was later called "Silk Road".

Zhang Jiao: An outstanding leader of the peasant uprising army in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the peasant war he organized and launched dealt a heavy blow to the Han regime. Zhang Heng: A scientist and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, from Nanyang, Henan.

He changed the theory of "covering the sky" in astronomy, put forward the theory of "muddy sky", drew the star map, and invented "muddy sky instrument" and "seismograph" Zhang Fei: Ji De, Yan, a famous soldier of the Three Kingdoms.

As a general of the five tigers in Shu, Zhan Changban's name was shocking at that time. In Taoyuan, it was passed on to Liu Bei and Guan Yu, known as the Three Masters of Taoyuan in history, and later passed on.

Zhang Sui: An astronomer in the Tang Dynasty, a native of Nanle, Henan Province, the grandson of Zhang, a founding hero in the early Tang Dynasty, with little wisdom and erudition, especially good at calendar calculation, yin and yang and five elements. In order to avoid Wu Sansi, the nephew of Wu Zetian, he became a monk.

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, and served as the "Taishiling" in charge of the investigation and statistics of astronomy, calendar, meteorology and earthquakes, and supported the "Huntian Theory". Later generations only know his good algorithm, and the books about the algorithm have long been lost, making him the first person in the world to measure meridian.

Zhang Xu: A great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu. He was a heavy drinker. Every time he got drunk, he shouted "Go crazy" and then he wrote. His escape was amazing and he was called "Cao Sheng".

Zhang Jian: a native of Nantong, Jiangsu Province, was a famous industrialist and political activist in the Qing Dynasty. Sheng Da Cotton Mill founded by Zhang Jian has effectively promoted the development of Chinese national capitalism and created a new trend of the Shilin generation.

Zhang Lan, a patriotic Democrat. (1872- 1955), a native of Nanchong, Sichuan.

He is the main founder and leader of China Democratic League, a famous patriot and educator. 1949 In September, he was elected as Vice Chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC) and President of the Central People's Republic.

From 65438 to 0954, he served as vice chairman of the National People's Congress and vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in Wu Dong (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province).

I worked in the Hanlin Painting Academy in Song Huizong during the Northern Song Dynasty, specializing in painting. Because I lost my official position, I made a living by selling paintings. During the Xuanhe period, Hanlin was good at "boundary painting", especially at painting boats, streets, city walls and bridges.

Representative works include Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, Fog, Rain and Snow Scene, West Lake Auction Map, etc. The most famous work is The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which is said to have been completed in ten years. After many twists and turns, Jia Sidao succeeded to the throne in the Ming Dynasty and was collected by the royal family in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

It was once brought to the customs by Puyi, and it is the best of China's ancient paintings. It is kept in the Forbidden City. Zhang Daoling: Formerly known as Zhang Ling, the word Fu Han.

Pei Guofeng (now Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province) was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and he was born in Tianmushan, Wuzhi. Tongda Five Classics, once in imperial academy, gave an order to Jiangzhou (now Chongqing) in Baxian County, citing "a virtuous and upright person speaks out and admonishes the branch".

After abandoning his official position, he lived in seclusion in Beimang Mountain (now Luoyang North). Emperor Hanzhang and Emperor Hanhe refused to levy marshes.

He went to Huai with disciple Wang, passed through Poyang (now Boyang) and returned to Yunjin Mountain (now Longhu Mountain in Guixi) to make an alchemy, and he became immortal in three years. I heard that Bashu diagnosed Qi as harmful, so he and his disciples went to Hemingshan, Sichuan (a Geming Mountain, now Dayi County, Sichuan) to preach.

In guanxian, Sichuan, he founded the "Five Menfan" (Taoism) religion, known as Zhang Tianshi. Zhang Zhongjing: A physician in the Eastern Han Dynasty, a native of Zhenping, Henan.

Diligently seeking the ancient method, learning from others' strengths, and writing Treatise on Febrile Diseases, which benefited the people, was respected as a medical sage by later generations. Zhang Sengyou, a famous painter and calligrapher, was born in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the Southern Dynasties.

He created the "concave-convex" painting technique, and was called the three masters in Wei and Jin Dynasties with Gu Kaizhi and Lu Tanwei. Zhang Jingyue, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, was a Chinese medicine theorist in the Ming Dynasty.

He expounded the theory of TCM, which played an important role in the development of TCM theory. Zhang: A famous politician in the late Ming Dynasty.

Shu Da (1525- 1582) was born in Huguang Jiangling (now Hubei). Mu Zongshi entered the cabinet, Shen Zongshi remembered it, comprehensively checked the name, and the rewards and punishments were clear. Ji Gang carried out a whipping method for ten years (Zhu Yuanzhang had no prime minister in the Ming Dynasty, but he had real power as a prime minister).

A pawn is Wen Zhong. He is the author of Taiyue Collection and Illustration of Emperor's Supervision.

Zhang Decheng: the leader of the Boxer Rebellion in the late Qing Dynasty. Zhili New City (now Gaobeidian, Hebei Province) comes from Baigou River.

The boatman was born. 1900 (26th year of Guangxu) In April, a boxing ring was set up in Liu Du Town, Jinghai (now Tianjin), which was called "the first altar in the world" by the members.

In late June, five or six thousand people were sent to Tianjin to fight against Eight-Nation Alliance in Zizhulin and other places. After the fall of Tianjin, he returned to Liu Du Town to make a comeback, and was killed by the landlord in Wangjiamen, Jinghai.

Zhang Daqian: Caritas (1899- 1983), also known as Xiu, Ji Ling, also known as Daqian, alias Daqian Jushi, or Zhang Daqian, a famous contemporary painter. A native of Neijiang, Sichuan, was influenced by his mother, who was good at painting, and his second brother, Zhang Shan, who was famous for painting tigers and claimed to be "tiger crazy". He studied poetry and calligraphy under the famous teachers Zeng Nongzuo and Li Mei.

In addition to copying historical sites, I also traveled all over the world, taking nature as my teacher, and made outstanding achievements through hard study. He painted countless pictures in his life and left many works. He and Qi Baishi are also called "Southern Zhang and Northern Qi".

Zhang Zizhong: a famous patriotic general. Chen Ziyan, Tangyuan Village, Linqing City, Shandong Province (1890- 1940).

3. What famous people are there in history? Zhang Daoling, founder of China Taoism (Zhang Tianshi)

Zhang Sanfeng is the most famous martial arts master in the history of China.

Zhang Fei, Zhang Liao and Zhang Ren were the most famous generals in the Three Kingdoms period.

One of the most famous poets in the history of China is Zhang Jiuling.

Zhang Zhongjing, one of the most famous doctors in the history of China.

Zhong Zhang is one of the most famous scholars in the history of China.

Zhang Yi is one of the most famous debaters in the history of China.

Sean, one of the most famous counsellors in the history of China.

Zhang Lihua is one of the most famous beauties in the history of China.

Zhang, one of the most famous prime ministers in the history of China.

Zhang Jiao is one of the most famous conspirators in the history of China.

Zhang Heng, one of the greatest scientists in the history of China.

Zhang Qian, one of the greatest diplomats in the history of China.

Zhang Xu (Cao Sheng) is one of the most famous calligraphers in the history of China.

Zhang is one of the most famous warlords in the history of China.

Zhang Zizhong, one of the most famous generals in the history of China.

4. What kind of person is Zhang Xin in history? The top scholar is Zhang Xin (1373— 1397), a native of Dinghai, Zhejiang. The word Yan, the number Cheng Fu. Ming Taizu Hongwu twenty-seven years (1394), JOE scholar, Hanlin bachelor. Always talking about political gains and losses. When Mao's ancestors ordered each prince to copy a poem, Zhang Xin gave a poem entitled "Leaving bamboo shoots through walls, rattan stabbing eaves, Ran Ran filaments, slender grass in the river" to Du Mu, a Hanwang book. When it was presented, Mao was unhappy and hated Zhang Xin. In February, 30, Liu Sanwu, a bachelor, was the examiner, and all the Jinshi were from southern provinces such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian. Candidates in the Central Plains and Northwest China and their backers vilify everywhere. Mao ordered Zhang Xin and other six or seven academicians and lecturers to reread the papers. When re-rolling, some colleagues advocated changing several names to cater to Zhu Yuanzhang's will; After reading the paper, Zhang Xin thinks that the three are selfless and insists on maintaining the original impartiality. Mao was very angry and ordered Liu Sanwu to defend the border. Zhang Xin abandoned the city and was executed. Zhang Xin was smart since childhood and read widely, especially Shangshu and Shi Mao, and several poems were handed down from generation to generation. After being abandoned, relatives and friends buried his body in his hometown, named "Tomb of Zhang Xin, the champion".

Military commander in Ming Dynasty: Zhang Xin, a native of Linhuai. Father Xing, Yongning Wei is in charge of the funeral. Believe in officials, move to Puding and Pingyue, and accumulate merits to direct affairs. At the beginning of Hui Di's accession to the throne, the minister wrote a letter of recommendation for courage and moved the capital to Beiping. By secret edict, Sharla Cheung and Xie Guimou were named princes. Faith, fear and ignorance. The mother monster asked, and the letter was told. Mother was frightened and said, "Impossible. Every time your father says something, he is arrogant. You have nothing to do and ruin your home. " Cheng Zu said that he was ill. He believed in building a three-story Yan Di, but his resignation was gone. Please come down to the bed. The secret was lost to the ancestors, who suddenly stood up and told the generals to plan, arise and seize nine doors. Cheng Zu entered the capital, and his achievements were better than those of other generals. He entered the governor's office. Feng Longping Hou, Lu, and Shi Bo coupons. Cheng Zude believed it and called it "Zhang En". If you want to take a woman as a concubine, you must keep your word, so that you can see the benefits. All the secrets of the captaincy were believed. The new training is quite arrogant. In the winter of the eighth year of Yongle, Chen Ying, an imperial envoy from the imperial capital, thought that "Ma Lao had no sweat, was brave and greedy for ink, occupying more than 80 miles of Lianhua Lake in Danyang and more than 70 hectares of official land in Jiangyin. Please have a secretary to check and treat him. " The emperor said, "Yan Ying was right. In the past, there was a sandbar area in Zhongshan King, which was crossed by a farming waterway. The children blocked it and made good use of it. Wang Wen, that is, belongs to the official. How dare you believe this! " Miscellaneous treatment of life law department. Don't ask, don't ask. Twenty years from the north levy, overseers transport rates. I read a lot of books about JiNing, but my handwriting is not too sick, so I was appointed as an official. Has been restored. Injong acceded to the throne, and two salaries, and waiting for coupons. In the first year of Xuande, he began to levy Le 'an. For three years, the emperor patrolled the border, collected good deeds and lived a defensive life. Next year, there will be15,000 supervisors dredging the western river channel. Orthodox seven years died in Nanjing in May. Give lord protector a present. Zhong ren, who was active in directing affairs, died first. The son is a pure heir, and the prince passed it on to the Ming Dynasty. With Tang Yun, the guards and commanders halfway up Yanshan Mountain don't know what to do. Chengzu killed Sharla Cheung, Xie Gui, etc. And the soldiers still closed the urn, while Chen Geji was introverted. Zhang Yu and others attacked at night, but Xizhimen could not stop them. Tell Yun to lay down his weapon and ride as usual. He told the guard, "The son of heaven has obeyed the king's self-control. You hurry back, the latter will kill you. " The cloud is the longest in the commander's middle age, and they believe it. The soldiers thought they were not cheating, so they dispersed. When the heart is not attached, the cloud tells the destiny, and the heart is fixed. The cloud has existed for a long time, so it is easy to see it. He started his own business one by one, and all of them stayed as auxiliary sons. The southern soldiers attacked the city several times, refused to defend their troops and never lost. Reluctantly moved all commanders. Chengzu proclaimed himself emperor, named Xinchang Bo, and ruled the world. Died in July next year. Very generous.

5. Zhang's historical story originated from the ancient legend era.

The legendary ancestor of all ethnic groups in the Central Plains, Huangdi, and his wife, Lei Zu, are the creators of the legendary methods of sericulture and silk grooming, and are regarded as silkworm gods by later generations. They gave birth to a son, whose name is very famous, and because of Taitai's practice, they said less, and he was the leader of Dongyi tribe after Taitai.

The fifth son is less famous, and the official went to Gong Zheng (the official who supervised the manufacture of bows and arrows). When he watched the arc star at night, he saw that Arrow Nine was in the southeast of Sirius, which looked like a giant bow in the sky. The arrow was facing Sirius, so he was inspired to make a bow and arrow and named it Zhang. The original meaning of the word Zhang is to bow, and it is extended to bow and longbow, which is closely related to the official name Gong Zheng and the ancient star name Arc.

Zhang also has a surname based on the name of his ancestors. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Zhang Hou in the State of Jin, named Zhang Jie. Later, he took the word grandfather as his surname. Since then, the state of Jin has a surname of Zhang. In 403 BC, after Zhao, Han and Wei carved up the State of Jin, Zhang's population was also scattered in three vassal states.

Both of these statements explain the origin, reproduction and even the reason why it has become the third largest surname today. First, Zhang has a long history and is one of the earliest surnames in China, which is highly valued. In primitive clan society, hunting is an extremely important means for people to make a living, and the status and role of bows and arrows can be imagined. Moreover, at that time, a few tribes in Dongyi flourished all over the vast area between Shandong Peninsula, northern Jiangsu and Jianghuai. According to legend, Shang tribe is its direct descendant.

Second, the surname Zhang is widely distributed, and Jin has this surname. As the three clans divided into Jin, they spread all over Zhao, Han and Wei, that is, the vast areas of North China and Central Plains today.

There are still many people who have been given the surname Zhang; For example, in the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang gave Longyou a title; Zhang Liao, the general of Cao Wei, was originally Nie, and later changed his surname to Zhang. Many non-Han people changed their surnames to Zhang. The Tejia family in Jin Dynasty took Zhang as their surname because they lived in Zhanghuangbao for generations. In the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolians and Semu people changed their surnames to Han, often to * * *, which also expanded Zhang's population.

According to records, during the Jin Dynasty, Zhang moved from the Central Plains to Fujian. During his tenure as a general, he was ordered to enter Fujian, accompanied by Zhang of the Central Plains Military Academy. After Wang Chao and Wang entered Fujian, people from Gushi, Henan, accompanied them to live in Meixi, Gutian, and were later named Liang Guogong. Zhang Fujian was roughly divided into Jianhu, Jin Po, Bangor and other schools according to its place of residence, and later moved to Guangdong. It is said that its ancestors came from Gushi, Gwangju, Henan. Since the early Qing Dynasty, Zhang people from Fujian and Guangdong have moved to Taiwan Province Province, and many people have gone abroad to make a living.

6. The historical evolution of the Huaihe River Historically, Huaishui was a river that flowed into the sea alone.

The word "Huai" appeared in Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty. Historically, the Huaihe River, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and Jishui are also known as the four blasphemies, and they are one of the four major rivers that enter the sea alone. Yu Gong, a geographical work in the Spring and Autumn Period, records: "The Huaihe River leads from Tongbai, connects to Si and Yi in the east and enters the sea in the east".

The ancient Huaihe River is roughly similar to the Huaihe River in the west of Xuyi today. After Xu Yi, he turned to the northeast, passed Huaiyin to the east, and entered the sea at the ladder in Lianshui County today. At that time, there was no Hongze Lake in the Huaihe River, the main channel was wide and deep, and there were no dikes along the Huaihe River.

In the second year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 128), in order to prevent the nomads from going south, Du Chong, the garrison commander of Tokyo (now Kaifeng), artificially burst its banks between Jixian County and Slippery County in Henan Province, causing the Yellow River to be diverted, and most of the Yellow River water flowed into the Huaihe River from Surabaya. In the fifth year of Shao Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 194), the Yellow River was decided. Since then, the Huaihe River has been seized from the sea for a long time, and a large amount of sediment and silt have blocked the estuary. The depression between Xuyi and Huai 'an gradually formed this Hongze Lake, which rushed to the overflow dam of Huainan levee, entered baoying lake and gaoyou lake along Sanjiang, and entered the Yangtze River from Sanjiang Jiajiang via Shaobo Lake. Before the 1990s, the main stream to the west of Hongze Lake in Huaishui was roughly similar to the Huaihe River today, and its downstream flowed through Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province, then turned to the northeast, passing the ladder in the south of Xiangshui County in Huai 'an City.

At that time, yi river, Shuhe and Sihe were all downstream tributaries of the Huaihe River. Because the Yellow River is "good at silting, settling and transporting", it has not only burst from the north shore for many times, silted the Haihe Plain, and the river channel moved to the northeast, but also burst from the south bank for many times, silted the Huaihe Plain, and the river channel moved to the southeast, taking the Huaihe River into the Yellow Sea.

After the Yellow River captured the Huaihe River, the downstream delta extended eastward by about 50km. After the old course of the Huaihe River was silted up, the Huaihe River entered the Yangtze River from the estuary, and a part of the Yangtze River basin became the area of the Huaihe River basin. In the fifth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1855), the Yellow River moved northward again and diverted from Daqing River in Shandong Province into Bohai Sea. The old channel where the Huaihe River enters the sea has been silted into an abandoned Yellow River above the ground, which divides the Huaihe River basin into Huaihe River system and Yishu Sihe River system.

1855, the Yellow River burst northward in lankao county, Henan Province, and entered the Bohai Sea via Lijin, Shandong Province. During the period of 1 194~ 1855 when the Yellow River captured the Huaihe River, the Yellow River burst from the south bank many times, and the Yellow River entered the main stream of the Huaihe River from the north bank tributary until the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

1938 during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, in order to prevent the Japanese army from advancing westward, the authorities blasted the south embankment of the Yellow River at Huayuankou near Zhengzhou, and the main stream of the Yellow River entered the Huaihe River from Heying River. It was not until 1947 that the Huayuankou was blocked and the Yellow River flooded for nine years, and the tributaries on the north bank of Huaihe River were once again generally destroyed. Affected by the Yellow River's long-term occupation of the Huaihe River, the landform and water system have changed greatly, and Ji Gu, Juye River and Liangshan Lake have disappeared. The riverbed is generally silted up, leaving the abandoned riverbed of the Yellow River. Form new lakes such as Hongze Lake, Nansi Lake and Roman Lake.

Therefore, before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Huaihe River system was disordered, and the drainage was not smooth or there was no way out, resulting in a situation of "small disasters and light rain, heavy disasters and heavy rains, and drought without rain". The water in the middle reaches does not come, and the water in the lower reaches does not flow out. This is a river that is difficult to control.

Huaihe River Basin is located in the east of China, between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, with east longitude1155' ~125' and north latitude 30 55' ~ 36 36'. The basin starts from Tongbai Mountain and Funiu Mountain in the west. The basin covers an area of 274,657 square kilometers.

The main stream of Huaihe River originates from Laoyacha, Tongbai Mountain, Tongbai County, Henan Province, flows eastward to Henan, Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, and downstream to Shuisan Road. The mainstream flows out of Sanhe via Sanhe Gate, enters the Yangtze River at Sanhe via baoying lake and gaoyou lake, and then enters the river, with a total length of about 1 000 km. The other one goes out of Gaoliangjianmen on the east bank of Hongze Lake, and enters the Yellow Sea at Biandan Port through the main irrigation canal in northern Jiangsu, with a total length of 168km. The third road goes out of Helmn on the northeast bank of Hongze Lake, to Lianyungang on the north bank of Hu Aishu River, and flows into Haizhou Bay via Linkou.

In 2003, the Huaihe River waterway opened to the sea, from the lower reaches of Hull Gate, near the north bank of the main irrigation canal in northern Jiangsu. The Huaihe River generally flows from west to east, passing through southern Henan Province, northern Hubei Province, northern Anhui Province and northern Jiangsu Province, and finally joins the Yangtze River in Sanjiangying, Jiangdu District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, with a total length of about 1000 km.

In the western part of the basin, the Funiu Mountain Range in western Henan is separated from the Luo Yi River Basin, a tributary of the Yellow River, and the Hanshui River Basin, a tributary of the Yangtze River. In the north, the South Yellow River embankment from Zhengzhou, Henan Province to Lankao and the South Yellow River embankment from Lankao to the abandoned Yellow River estuary are separated from the Yishu Sihe River basin. South to Tongbai Mountain, Dabie Mountain and Toarey Yang Canal, Dongchuan Changhe River and Hanshui River, Wanhe River, Chaohu Lake and Chuhe River on the north bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; Eastern Yellow Sea. Because the northern Jiangsu plain, east of the Li Canal, south of the abandoned Yellow River, north of the Canal and Dongchuanchang River, covers an area of 22,440 square kilometers, and the water flows directly into the sea eastward. Actual catchment area of Huaihe River 164560 km2.

Anhui section of Huaihe River, located in the middle reaches of Huaihe River, starts at the mouth of Red River at the junction of Henan and Anhui, and ends at Hongshantou at the junction of Anhui and Jiangsu, with a total length of 430 kilometers. To the north of Huaihe River is the Huang-Huai alluvial plain, which is flat and vast with deep soil layers. The ground elevation is 45 meters to 13.5 meters, and it slopes from northwest to southeast with a slope of1/5000 ~11000.

There are low mountains and residual hills in the northern counties of Xiao, Shu, Su, Ling and Si, with an altitude of generally 50~ 100 m, the highest peak of Guanshan in Xiao County is 408 m, the highest peak of Xiangshan in Huaibei City is 342 m, the dry mountain in Su County is 3 12 m, and Pingshan in Sixian County is 165438+. There are bays, depressions and lakes on both sides of the Huaihe River, which is the flood detention and drainage area of the Huaihe River.

Main channel flow: from Honghekou to Zhengyangguan is less than 1000 m3/s, from Zhengyangguan to Wohekou is less than 2,500 m3/s, and from below Wohekou to Hongshantou is less than 3,000 m3/s. There are many tributaries on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

On the left bank are Red River, Ancient River, He Run, He Ying, Xifei, He Juan, Guohe, Hutong and He Sui. , as well as large artificial rivers, the new Bianhe River and the new Huaihe River, have a long history and are characterized by plain rivers. On the right bank, there are Shiguan River, Fenghe River, Jihe River, Pi River, Donghe River, Heyao River, Xiaoxi River, Chihe River and Baita River, all of which originate from the north side of the Jianghuai watershed and have the characteristics of mountainous rivers. There are many lakes along the Huaihe River, which are distributed near the confluence of tributaries. The lake is big, but the water is not deep. There are Bali Lake, Jiaogang Lake, Sifang Lake, Meet Lake, Tuo Lake and Days Mirror Lake on the left bank. There is one on the right bank.