This book lists the important items of Marxist political economy criticism, comprehensively comments on the working logic of these items, and treats the "success or failure" of various economic forms as a "historical eye". This is a methodological work on China's working terms. -Message from the author
It seems that for the general reader, this book will always be "incomprehensible" and a methodological work. Because it really doesn't have the usual style (style, style, form and format) of those works, not only the word "method" is missing in the title, but also the content is not assembled with methodological knowledge. In this way, the author of this book will inevitably record the title in advance and make a "snake painting". First of all, the construction of history and real life has always been the basis of research. Give a man a fish, not a fish. It is not an inevitable fact that a country's economic backwardness will lead to its long-term backwardness in economic thought, at least it lacks historical vision. Marx compared Germany in the19th century, indicating that the historical school was not as good as the classical political economy at that time, and it was in the working system within the bourgeoisie. The special development of German society ruled out the possibility of any original bourgeois economics.
The situation in the eastern world is just the opposite. Oriental society excavated the special provisions of its national history from the criticism of bourgeois economics, and surpassed capitalist society in development. This is the birth of Das Kapital in the eastern ideological circle. The Wealth of Nations was not noticed by China people until the early 20th century. As soon as Das Kapital was concerned, it was immediately concerned by Chinese people. It shows that China didn't want to copy the European capitalist system on that day, on the contrary, he wanted to take the Russian Bolshevik labor development road.
To sum up, the so-called labor autonomy is well-founded in China's ideological and cultural tradition, whether Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles are called "people's livelihood" socialism, communism or Datong in China. Today, people advocate labor, or labor socialism. From the reality of historical development, labor relations are self-sufficient in the relationship between clan and people. China's long ancient society used this relationship to arrange extensive social production and labor exploitation. The essence of "national people" here is to lock Marx's dependent personality category. The relationship between ethnic groups and people in China not only restricts the growth of modern implicit labor concept, but also restricts the growth of citizen relations as the main body of social economy and the independence of laws and regulations. The growth path of social labor in China is ethnic people → citizens → capital → labor. Intrinsic "citizen capital" is a labor complex, which refers to the recognition of China's commodity production system and the development law of limited capitalism on this basis. For example, the clue "Man → Citizen → Capital" is a description of the development relationship of the special subject "scholar, agriculture, industry and commerce" in ancient China.
As the former explanation, the historical model of social factors discussed in the last chapter of the book is nothing more than the transformation of the development relationship among "national people", "citizens", "capital" and "social labor", and they are considered as a historical whole. Its maternal nature of labor relations constitutes the development orientation of labor autonomy. For example, a social factor model is a single type of production factor "ownership condition" and a stage of the development of the relationship between "citizens" and ethnic groups. As an independent small producer, its personality category is locked in the dominant category of reference value law, which is a "simple commodity society". The corresponding leading category of ancient product society is "people".
As far as the two social factor models are concerned, it means the development and transformation relationship between citizens and capital. At this time, the "ownership conditions" in the production field have been divided and socially opposed. "Capital" refers to the dominant category of the law of surplus value. This is a special social and economic regulation, which can be regarded as the category locking of producers (large producers) in the independent development relationship. The three social factor models illustrate the development and transformation relationship between capital and socialist labor (human capital). From the perspective of "ownership conditions" returning to social unity, "social labor" can be regarded as the work leadership category of modern product society. This is a social confirmation of the relationship of common development, and a process in which producers and workers return to the category of social personality.
The above is the growth of China's "imported political economy". Most importantly, it takes into account the historical conditions and national background of China. China did not have the development characteristics of pure civil society, but also wrote the unique logical connotation of China's political economy, shaping and continuously demanding the innovative development environment. Secondly, as Dr. Sun Yat-sen said, for China, this is a turning point of "knowing difficulties and doing things easily". The content of science is facts and history, pointing to criticism. Different from the economic system of importing goods and capital from developed capitalist countries, "China Economics" is a new topic since China's reform and opening up. The word "new" means that it is a theoretical topic formed by the traceability of practice. Obviously, this meaning is concrete, and the criticism of works locks the development course of economics in its mature period.
My road is long and my troubles are few. If we think too much, we have to admit that up to now, human's internal understanding of their own historical structure has been laid by Capital. The combination of theory and practice again and again has made China people gradually understand a truth: "A country that advocates the capitalist system in Europe and the United States as an ideal transplant is certainly impossible." When we decide to build China's economics, we must carefully digest Das Kapital, for example, take a step forward on the basis of Wang Yanan, completely eliminate the chronic disease and heavy influence of "quartering method" and "trinity formula model", and create a brand-new theoretical road. The unification of China is a unified country cultivated by history, thinking, language and culture. In a word: this is a work completed with the qualification of China people as economists; This is a masterpiece of economic theory that conforms to China people's reading habits and language habits; This is a methodological masterpiece that takes care of China people's habit of writing history and conforms to China people's way of thinking. In a word, this book is dedicated to the economic construction of China!
Back to the above theme: the deepening of Sino-Western relations. The arrival of Das Kapital in China is indeed in step with the deepening historical pace of oriental economics. Since then, China people have been trying to understand and use this great work in the context of China, especially to correctly appreciate the profound language buried in it. Frankly speaking, this is a historical reading accompanied by the direct impact of ideas, and it is a magnificent and powerful thinking docking. Since the reform and opening up, the practice of China Theory is a recent work. Under this historical commanding height and ideological commanding height, the question is not why capital should be guarded, but what and how. The in-depth communication between China and the West in developing relations shows the necessity of the emergence of China's economic theory. This is because: China Economics not only reflects the history and economy of China in theory, but also profoundly writes all the contents of world history and economy (transparent in historical time) from the perspective of national working language. For example, the economic cell of China social country is family (or family-style unit), not just commodity units, but commodities and products, thus having the dual growth tension of product society and commodity society. Its theory highlights the overall economic form and social development: the so-called internal characteristics of China's economy (China characteristics) are, in the final analysis, to reflect the similarities and differences with western economies represented by Europe and America.
In this sense, "Take the road of China people and let Americans speak" is by no means an empty talk without content.
China's economics has rich historical connotation, cultural refraction and realistic tolerance. It is the latest form of the development of Marxist economics, a colorful practice form of the times and a national innovation work form. For China economists, the correct way is to accomplish this glorious and sacred great task through the intersection of history, practice and the connection between China history and world history. In this way, the deadlock between socialism and capitalism will be solved and effectively clarified. "Famous words also. Words and words, devices of thinking; If you are poor and rational, you can use it as a metaphor for people. So with a definition, there is a classification. " However, nowadays, under the tide of metrology and mathematics, there are still a few books and periodicals available for young students to read among the latest reading materials placed on the shelves of economics. The language and mathematical logic in it have collapsed. How many housekeeping people can understand it?
If Das Kapital is concerned and sought after by people nowadays, it must be self-deception. Here, we can immediately cite three kinds of attitudes or working phenomena that misread Das Kapital: First, it cannot be accurately understood as studying history; Second, we can equate critical research with critical research; Third, we can vulgarize it into a study of free competitive capitalism. The problem of the former is that it is impossible to upgrade the study of history to the study of methods and fall into the historical empiricism of a field study; The problem of neutrals is that they treat criticism blindly and dogmatically, and their work degenerates into ideological criticism with a single meaning; The latter's problem is to regard research discourse as action and measure history with text. In this way, it not only broke away from the literary group of Das Kapital, but also filled with various arguments of dreamers, subjectively creating opposition in historical development through dead texts. China's logic seeks for "law", and the essential stipulation is language production. Among China people, Yan Fu, a pioneer of modern western learning, took the lead in explaining the stipulation and essence of language production: "Logic is the study of renaming. Its name began in Greece, which is a turning point of logos. Logos has a name and two meanings, and everything in his heart and mouth is named after this name. Citation and application are discussion and learning. Therefore, it is logical that the western names of Taixi schools today are mostly associated with Luo Zhi. For example, Philo's logic branch is called Chinese character learning, and Hugh's logic branch is called group learning, but what is mind learning? The worship and research on logic branch is already ... learning is the method of all laws, and the learning of all studies is translated in the name of learning. Gai Chinese only contains the word' name', and its profound knowledge is similar to that of Logos. " The words of Yan Fu, the giant and pioneer of the New Learning Movement, are shocking to read so far. The name is not right. If the language of economics is all produced by mathematics, and economics is a hard science in the sense of science or natural science, then it will not work and its future will be wrong. However, if we are pessimistic about this and say something about the development of Das Kapital, it is a blind spot and we can't see the essence of people's "escape" from Das Kapital. Blindly "reading" and "observing" make the spirit of Das Kapital lose its color, leaving only the skin of Zhang Kexue.
A China person who doesn't know Tao Te Ching, Historical Records and A Dream of Red Mansions is said to be "familiar with Capital". If he doesn't specifically refer to the understanding of European history, especially the development history of western Europe, represented by Britain, 16 ~ 19 century, then he must fully expose the unity of his work and the way of combining historical works with scientific works. For him, Das Kapital has always been a dead text. In view of this situation, I never thought of this book as a purely scientific work: according to the working method of literature review or the organization procedure of econometrics, an input-output mechanism of "waste into waste out" was formed. Dealing with objects in an orderly way is to give readers as much thinking space as possible without hindering the "secondary creation". This writing seems irregular, but it is also an extremely desirable part of this book. Here, in practical effect, this book can be used as an improved reader of Das Kapital, as an intermediate or advanced political economy and as a research guide of China's economics; Writing characteristics: rebuttal, with the layout of answering "questions" and the design purpose of solving "questions". This is in response to the century-old regret of the Chinese people: although there are successors, the exploration of the logic of Das Kapital has not actually achieved the expected results of China. This may not be entirely due to the immaturity of practice. After all, the dual emphasis on theoretical thinking and the connotation of ethnic work is not enough, which is enough to cover up the correct understanding of all critical work and the obsession with the blind kingdom of scientific language. On the contrary, in the context of China, in order to reorganize the various working components of Marxism, we must truly restore its capitalization provisions-methods and criticisms on the basis of history and practice, and examine the criticism of political economy and the construction of scientific socialism with wise language production, and examine them, so as to realize the unity of work again. Therefore, based on this historical and cultural accumulation, this topic aims and aims at exploring the operating logic of Marxist economics and China economics at the great moment when the socialist market economy has entered a deep sailing period. With the help of this whole historical torrent and the determination to approach the socialist practice, Marxist economics has been endowed with China's historical significance and China's work content, thus eventually becoming a "historical whole steel" and a "theoretical whole steel" containing the development of human history. The ideological value lies in effectively solving the problem of the unification of the history of thought and history itself, vigorously advocating socialist criticism, and sparing no effort to practice and achieve initial results. In short, you can never expect to communicate with Marx simply through the text! Reviewing and writing history is to better point out the blind spots of development and surpassing knowledge and reality. Therefore, for China people who are building a socialist market economy, the precious wealth of Das Kapital is endless progress, which lies in the eternal historical position and the infiltration of practice. "When we look at history, we must put ourselves in history and link personal life with historical life, which is passed down in a stream; We should also look at history from the perspective of practice and regard history as the history of a nation's practice process. Putting yourself in history means: you can't push history out as a natural thing that has nothing to do with yourself; Looking at history from practice means that history is formed by human practice, not an external established thing, but an external body that our' intellectuality' wants to understand. It belongs to practice, so the difference is' understanding'; Being in history, the differences are out of touch. " If we admit that economics is a branch of historical science and is transformed from history, then the above words need to be observed. The study of things originates from the study of things and is higher than the study of things. This is the track of history.
Therefore, we reject the concept of knowledge. This bad theoretical tendency can be called "modern epistemology".
To sum up, "the fact is that modern western civilization has a strong tendency of binary opposition in theory, and it has repeatedly pushed knowledge to an either-or choice ... either relying entirely on' rational' deductive logic, relying entirely on empirical induction, relying entirely on formalism theory, or relying entirely on experience accumulation. And that tendency (all scientism) caused postmodernism to doubt everything and went to the opposite nihilistic extreme. Objectivism and subjectivism are the same. Either like positivism, we completely trust objectivity and think that facts are absolutely objective, or like postmodernism, we completely trust subjectivity and doubt all empirical evidence. However, the practical history of the West itself is not as extreme as its theoretical tendency, and it embodies the two-way interaction between objective and subjective. " The low-level research of natural science is the science of things, which proves the objectivity of things. High-level research in natural science is an objective regulation to recognize the scientific nature of things and confirm the unity of things. Positivism confuses natural science and social science, confuses physical things into rational things in the object, and further distorts rational things into physical things in the research object. At the stage of establishing China's economics, it is time to review this science. This just emphasizes that academic research should get rid of the ideology of epistemology: the humanities and social sciences may have universal knowledge and absolute theory like mathematics and physics. For example, according to the knowledge of GDP growth, the history of China was stagnant in ancient times. But the fact is, "The mixed rule form of absolutism, bureaucracy and feudalism caused by China's special natural and historical conditions in the past will never allow itself to breed a new social function. This conclusion is absurd. "Backward development" cannot be understood as never making progress. The social and economic situation of China from Qin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty stayed at the same stage of social history. However, comparing the social and economic life of Qin and Han dynasties with that of Ming and Qing dynasties, it is not difficult to find that the latter took a big step towards modernization. " ?
At this point, if there are still people who can't understand the above truth, the author of this book is willing to try to point out the general situation of China's work style in more concise language: (1) In words that ordinary people can understand-mother-child style. Mother and son are linked together, not only in time but also in space, and they can reach everyone and their work units in China in understanding. (2) Combining the achievements of Marx's works-identifying from the aspect of subject terminology, that is, historical thinking, language and method. History, growth, and brewing subject regulations-the development process of its generation and growth has no beginning and no end (Genesis). (3) According to China's adult literature, that is the logic of action-the path of practice and the method of understanding. (4) The systematic action path or cognitive method combined with the achievements of dialectics and its language style is the synergy of many factors in the contradictory system. This is China's expression of Marx's "My Dialectical Method" (dialectics) (the thinking language of mother and child and heredity, and the action path of knowing and living together). This method is the unified historical scientific working method (the method of natural history and human history), and it refers to the historical practice method-critical method, including the history itself and the manifestations and various forms of its generating movement. It is no exaggeration to say that this method is unique to China's working system. "China Science" came into being in the context of action, which eliminated the mysticism of knowledge and the metaphysics of agnosticism. This is also the historical language used by China to solve the "mystery of dialectics". In terms of work orientation, it has removed the mysticism of knowledge and the supremacism of epistemology and completely taken the road of historical understanding.
In the overall working context of Marxism in China, these methods and thinking forms should still be attributed to practical theory and action methods. After thousands of years of civilization evolution and cultivation, under the influence of modern thinking mode, it has been reactivated in contemporary China, and it has blossomed into a magnificent and unique work charm. China's understanding and working system marks the historical precipitation of China's traditional methods fully displayed in this book, which has been integrated with Marx's critical method of realistic work, and Das Kapital has also become China's Das Kapital. Accordingly, this book is written for people who are thinking. People are willing to think about history, that is, they can think with history! From the textual research path of blindly paying attention to "explanation", resolutely get rid of abstract nonsense, especially all kinds of rhetoric about abstract individual rationality; Taking history as a consistent work clue is to bind individual political units with collective political units, so as to find out the economic actions of social history. This is based on history, Marxism and national conditions, "middle school as the body, western learning for use."
This requires the theoretical work of capitalization. Most importantly, the book promoted the following writing themes, and did these works seriously in the economic field: going home-the era combination of Chinese studies and Marxism; Back to history-back to Marx's real criticism method of works, that is, insisting on the understanding of historical production; Back to China-production language and understanding in the combination of China history and world history. China has a big gift, so it is called summer; The beauty of service seal is called China. China's history, China's thinking and China's language all have strong cultural accomplishment, so it is necessary to produce scientific language and understanding from the multifaceted characteristics of development. Therefore, on the one hand, we admit that modern science, as the differentiation and development of natural science and social science, belongs to the product of western society, especially capitalist civilization. Comparatively speaking, the ancient society of China belongs to the development stage in which the humanities have not yet been differentiated and unified. On the other hand, we should stand on the deck of China's history and overlook the ocean of western science. In the new era, it is necessary to strive to launch local works with rich connotations, diverse forms, unique styles, strong pertinence, strong China cultural atmosphere and international development atmosphere. It is for the purpose of "taking new China as the body and western learning as the application". In a word, with the logical generation of practical system as the link, we can completely accomplish the main purpose of political economy criticism, thus guiding the theoretical construction of economic society, especially that of China. The ultimate goal of this book is not so much to write history as to expose the truth of economics, restore the facts and call for action on the road of popularization! This book is dedicated to the economic construction of China with this work and action!
I have a long road and a heavy heart in Xiu Yuan. Can China people really read and use Das Kapital correctly? As a direction of efforts, we should make progress despite many difficulties. The devil is one foot high and the Tao is ten feet high. The more you advance, the more obstacles you encounter, and the more you advance, the more you will never stop. It can be seen that it is not easy to do a good job as a writing on this subject. As mentioned above, the constraint of "aiming high" is probably the work style and content, so we have to make a positive clarification and appropriate explanation of its "characteristics". According to Wang Yanan's point of view, the existing economics, as an exotic product, is really a weapon for cultural aggression or ideological anesthesia against the nation and the country, so as to prevent the country from carrying out social and economic transformation according to its own national wishes. Therefore, although science has no national boundaries, "if we interpret the political economy that we demand to create as particularly beneficial to the reading of the people in China, especially to arouse the interest of the people in China, especially to point out the economic theoretical process of China's socio-economic transformation, that is another matter ... The political economy content that China people learn here is actually nothing more than a more practical political economy reader. The purpose of all these studies is to eliminate the dust and fog of thought and the obstacles to action as much as possible. The theoretical framework laid by this book is "Elephant Invisible" with clear methodological clues.
To sum up:
What is written in front is actually the preface of the book.
The full name of this book is "Defending the Social Theory of Economic Formation-An Outline" (Social Science Literature Publishing House, 20 14 edition).
This book lists the important items of Marxist political economy criticism, comprehensively comments on the working logic of these items, and treats the "success or failure" of various economic forms as a "historical eye". This is a methodological work on China's working terms. -Message from the author
Responding to President Xi's call: "Refine and summarize the regular achievements of China's economic development practice, upgrade the practical experience into a systematic economic theory, and constantly open up a new realm of Marxist political economy in contemporary China."
This is unusual: it explains why and how to defend capital theory. Explain the theme of the subtitle-social theory of economic formation (the scientific name of China economics). It shows that the Outline of Social Theory of Economic Form can be described as "holding an elephant", from which a system of social objective criticism can be extracted. It is divided into four sections, with echoing contents at the beginning and end.
Section 1: Gong: The research should start with historical analysis. The allusions of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Chairman Mao were used respectively.
Section 2: Rock Climbing: There are still some books and periodicals to read on the Economics bookshelf. The canon used is that Buddhism came from the east, and western classics began to flood.
Section III: Fencing Trend: Breaking Modern Epistemology. Worse! This is a bird's eye view of Buddhist history. Solve China's cognitive problems in an all-round way.
Section four: flowers, plants, insects and fish: the content, style and structural arrangement of the work. It is the usual release specification: introducing a comprehensive architecture. The so-called historical production thought-criticism of the history of thought. Thought leads history--the system of capital theory. The Historical Development of Economics —— China's Economic Construction Model. The so-called Das Kapital —— Criticism on the structure of theoretical works and reality.
Go home, go back to history, go back to China, study economics, study liberal arts!
The academic relationship between Das Kapital and Das Kapital is "A Study of Das Kapital in China".
Academic Slogans for Defending Capital Theory: Civilization, History Drive, Sinology Marxism+China Economics.