1, direct phonetic notation: this is the earliest phonetic notation, that is, one Chinese character is used to mark the pronunciation of another Chinese character. This method has been used until modern times, but there are some changes. For example, in Shuo Wen Jie Zi, each Chinese character will be marked with a pronunciation, which is the straight sound.
2. Reading if method: Reading if method is to mark the pronunciation of another Chinese character with one Chinese character, which does not exist in ancient literature. The advantage of this method is simple and easy to understand, but the disadvantage is that some Chinese characters can't be pronounced with corresponding Chinese characters.
3. Ye Yin method: Ye Yin method is to mark the pronunciation of another Chinese character with one Chinese character, which does not exist in ancient literature. The advantage of this method is that it is convenient to mark the pronunciation of a Chinese character, but the disadvantage is that the pronunciation of some Chinese characters can not find the corresponding Chinese characters.
4. Backcutting method: Backcutting method is to mark the pronunciation of another Chinese character with two Chinese characters, in which the pronunciation of the first Chinese character is known and the pronunciation of the second Chinese character is unknown. The advantage of backcutting method is that it can accurately mark the pronunciation of a Chinese character, but the disadvantage is that you need to know the pronunciation of two Chinese characters to mark the pronunciation of another Chinese character.
Types of ancient reference books:
1. Dictionary: A dictionary is a reference book that explains the sound, meaning and usage of a single word, sometimes including words and phrases. The earliest written books in China can be traced back to the Han Dynasty, such as Shuo Wen Jie Zi.
2. Dictionary: A dictionary is a reference book that comprehensively explains the sound, meaning, usage and morphological structure of a single word. In ancient times, dictionaries were also called dictionaries.
3. Bibliography: Bibliography is a catalogue or guide for recording books, usually arranged alphabetically or chronologically to help readers find the books they want to read.
4. Index: An index is a reference book for finding information about a specific topic, concept or data mentioned or quoted in a specific text or resource.
5. Yearbook: Yearbook is a reference book to record the history, events, data and other information of a specific year or period.
6. Manual: A manual is a reference book that provides detailed information, procedures, guidelines or data in a specific field or topic.
7. Chronology: Chronology is a reference book of events, dates and historical data arranged in chronological order.
8. Atlas: Atlas is a reference book that provides images, charts and illustrations of a specific topic or field.
9. Political books: Political books are reference books for recording government organizations, policies, laws and regulations.
10, Encyclopedia: Encyclopedia is a comprehensive overview of knowledge in a specific field or topic, usually arranged alphabetically.