Subsequently, Deng Jiaxian took another important measure: set up a senior theoretical team to study and solve major technical problems in the design of atomic bombs. This move has made a big step forward in the theoretical development of the atomic bomb. Zhou successfully solved all the key mechanical problems inside the atomic bomb. At the same time, two other deputy directors who have deep attainments in fluid mechanics and mathematics cooperated closely and successfully solved the calculation method of non-directional fluid mechanics. Deng Jiaxian personally presided over the research on the state of matter under high temperature and high pressure, and determined the model and method of theoretical calculation.
After the calculation, Deng Jiaxian and others created a unique "extrapolation method" after repeated thinking. This method is based on the simulated environment and conditions, and then the results are compared with the data of similar experiments abroad. Finally, the results are completely consistent, which proves that this calculation method is correct and feasible. Another most important task of developing an atomic bomb is to develop an ignition neutron source. It's a detonator, the heart of an atomic bomb. This task is undertaken by Professor Jiang, Ph.D., deputy director of the Institute of Atomic Energy of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After some efforts, we finally achieved satisfactory results in the winter of 196 1. He named this device XY ball.
With the theoretical research, the processing of nuclear materials has also made continuous progress. In order to obtain crude uranium raw materials as soon as possible, the state has accelerated the construction of large-scale factories and organized indigenous uranium smelting. Starting from 1959, under the guidance of technicians, local people in Lincang, Yunnan, obtained 150 tons of crude uranium raw material before the completion of the large factory by means of crushing stone mortar, screening laundry baskets, filtering tofu bags and iron pan drying. After further processing, these raw materials fully meet the nuclear charges required by the first two atomic bombs in China, thus winning a precious year for the whole project. Finally, in 1964, a complete atomic bomb was assembled in the factory and transported to the test site in August.
After the development and assembly of the atomic bomb is completed, the next task is to prepare for the test. Because the atomic bomb will explode at low altitude, an iron tower as high as 103 meter was erected on the test site. With the iron tower as the center, the airport and fleet, tanks, various artillery positions, guns and ammunition, superstructure of ships, communication hubs, buildings and other facilities were set up, and a large number of experimental animals were placed at different distances. In the test site, various command posts, observation posts, radiation reconnaissance units, wired subject telemetry stations and meteorological observation stations are distributed everywhere, forming a complex network.
1964101October 1419, the atomic bomb was hung on the tower. On the morning of 16, Zhang Yunyu, General Li Jue, the commander of the test base, and zhaowei, the worker, came into the tower and personally inserted the XY ball into the projectile. 14: 59: 40, Zhang Aiping, the field commander, issued the last command, and Han Yunti, the operator of the main control station, pressed the start button. 10 seconds later, the whole system enters the automatic control state and the counter begins to count down. "1 0,9, ... 3,2,1,detonate! "With a shocking noise, in an instant, golden light broke out, fireballs volleyed, and mushroom clouds rose. China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully!