Its national strength is strong, its economy is prosperous, and its culture is splendid, reaching the highest peak in the development history of China feudal society.
Its high civilization influenced many countries and regions such as Japan and North Korea, and it was the most powerful and advanced country in the world at that time.
There were 22 emperors in the Tang Dynasty who lived in China for 290 years (during which Wu Zetian changed the Tang Dynasty to sixteen years).
Together with the Han Dynasty, it is called one of the two powerful dynasties in the history of China.
At its peak, its territory was in the east of Andong Prefecture (now Pyongyang, North Korea), in the west of Anxi Prefecture (now Kuqa, Xinjiang), in the south of Rinan County (now Qinghua, Vietnam) and in the north of Anbei Prefecture (now Harrah and Forest, Mongolia).
After the Anshi Rebellion, Hexi and Longyou were trapped in Tubo until Dazhong (847-860) and Xian Tong (860-874).
In the early Tang Dynasty, from Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong to Kaiyuan of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the country was in a stage of great development, with unprecedented prosperity in economy, politics, military affairs, diplomacy and culture.
During this period, "Zhenguan rule" and "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" formed the prosperous weather of the Tang Dynasty that the Chinese nation was proud of.
Therefore, China once stood out in the world.
The Anshi Rebellion in the later period of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty made the Tang Dynasty gradually decline.
In the middle and late Tang dynasty, the emperor had no real power in economy, politics and military affairs, which led to the formation of the separatist situation in the buffer regions.
Finally, all parties broke away from the rule of the Tang Dynasty and became independent regimes.
When the peasant uprising was surging at the end of Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan, who stayed in Taiyuan in Sui Dynasty, took the opportunity to attack Chang 'an.
In the first year of Wude (AD 6 18), Li Yuan was proclaimed emperor by the Zen ancestor Sui, and the Tang Dynasty was established, with Tang Gaozu as its capital.
Li Yuan and his son Li Shimin wiped out separatist forces in various places, suppressed peasant rebels and unified the whole country.
On the fourth day of June in the ninth year of Wude (626), Li Shimin, the second son of Li Yuan, with the help of ministers Wei Chi, Jing De, Duan and Wuji, launched the "Xuanwumen Change", killing his rival Prince Li and his fourth brother Li Yuanji, thus forcing his father Li Yuan to abdicate.
In August of the same year, with the support of most courtiers and military commanders, Li Shimin, king of Qin, proclaimed himself emperor and changed his title to Zhenguan, which was the famous Emperor Taizong in history. Li Shimin was a successful emperor in the history of China.
In the second year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong ordered the general of the Ministry of War, Li Jing, to crusade against the Turks and won a great victory.
Since then, the threat of all ethnic groups in the western regions to the Central Plains has been eliminated.
At the same time, Emperor Taizong adopted many political measures that were conducive to maintaining unity and strengthening the centralization of monarchy, and employed talents including Gao Shilian, Fang, Du Ruhui and Wuji as prime ministers to assist in handling state affairs.
Under its rule, through a series of political, economic, cultural and educational reforms, the Tang Dynasty empire prospered unprecedentedly, which was called "the rule of Zhenguan" in history.
It has also become an ideal era for future generations.
In April of the 23rd year of Zhenguan (649), Taizong died.
Tang Gaozong Li Zhi acceded to the throne, with the title of eternal emblem.
Tang Taizong's "rule of the country" is still in practice, so Tang Yonghui still has a legacy of Zhenguan.
In the sixth year of Yonghui (655), Gao Zongli made Wu Zetian the queen.
After that, Wu Zetian came to power.
In the first year of Hongdao (683), Emperor Gaozong died of illness and his third son, Li Xian, acceded to the throne.
Later, it was abolished by Wu Zetian and another four sons Li Dan were established.
In September of the first year of God-given, 67-year-old Wu Zetian announced that she would "die a natural death", changed her name to Zhou, officially proclaimed herself emperor, and became the only female emperor in history.
During the reign of Wu Zetian, the political and economic development of the Tang Dynasty went further.
She vigorously developed agricultural production, and wrote the agricultural book Zhaoren Ben Ye Ji, which created conditions for the accumulation of material wealth in the Tang Dynasty.
However, at the end of her reign, she was partial to courtiers and deeply dissatisfied with ministers; In the first year of Shenlong, Prime Minister Zhang Zhi staged a coup, forcing Wu Zetian to abdicate, and Emperor Li Xian of Zhongzong was reinstated and changed to Shenlong.
Thus ending the history of a queen ruling China.
Li Longji, the son of Li Dan, defeated the Wei Hou Group, that is, the emperor, and changed his position to Kaiyuan for the sake of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.
Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was another enlightened monarch after Li Shimin.
During the Kaiyuan period, Xuanzong vigorously governed the country, attached importance to the election of officials, and personally assessed the new county magistrate.
He appointed talented Yao Chong and Song Jing as prime ministers, reformed the official system and the military system, and at the same time vigorously developed the economy, reformed the tax system and built water conservancy projects. China's feudal society showed unprecedented prosperity and reached the peak of China's feudal society. At this point, China has become a prosperous empire in the contemporary countries of the world, which is known as the "Kaiyuan Shengshi" in history.
In the late Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty, political corruption and treacherous court officials were in power, which triggered the An-Shi rebellion that began in 755.
Since then, the Tang Dynasty has declined.
The An-Shi Rebellion caused great damage to agricultural production, and then there was a struggle between princes, eunuchs and cronies, which made the political situation in the Tang Dynasty more chaotic.
The destruction of the economic land equalization system made land annexation very serious, and farmers fled everywhere.
The implementation of the two tax laws also failed to fundamentally solve the serious class contradictions.
In 876, it led to the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty led by Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao.
The uprising failed in 884, but the Tang Dynasty also collapsed.
In the first year of God bless (904), Zhu Wen moved Tang Dou to Luoyang.
In four years, Zhu Wen abolished filial piety as emperor, set up a back beam, and the Tang Dynasty perished.
The Tang Dynasty is the most glorious dynasty in the history of China, and it is also the second golden age of China after the Han Dynasty.
In the Tang Dynasty, China made brilliant achievements in politics, economy, military affairs, culture and Sino-foreign relations.
Critics believe that the special and important position of the Tang Dynasty in the history of China can be understood from the following aspects: First, since the Warring States period, the socio-economic, political and cultural development of China has appeared three times, namely, three heydays: the first time in the Western Han Dynasty, the second time in the Tang Dynasty and the third time in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Second, especially in the early Tang Dynasty, agricultural production flourished, handicrafts became increasingly sophisticated, commodity economy flourished unprecedentedly, and urban life flourished.
In the late Tang Dynasty, the economy of the south of the Yangtze River developed further, which laid the foundation for the economic level of the south to surpass that of the north in the future.
At that time, in politics, there were "Zhenguan rule" and "Kaiyuan rule" successively. National unity, social stability, showing a scene of peace, achievements beyond the Western Han Dynasty's "rule of culture and scenery."
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, it reached its peak in its heyday, and even the "prosperous Tang Dynasty" appeared in the literary world.
The humanities and arts developed rapidly in the early Tang Dynasty.
Famous poets, books and paintings come forth in large numbers.
Among them, Wang Wei (699-759), the representative figure of "Four Masters in Early Tang Dynasty" and "Pastoral Landscape School"; Cen Can (7 15-770), a "frontier school" poet, and Li Bai (707-762), a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, who is known as a "poetic immortal", and so on.
In addition, the famous "painting saints" Wu Daozi, Li Sixun, Li Guinian, etc. are all representatives of the weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The unprecedented economic development in the Tang Dynasty was due to the absence of internal troubles and foreign invasion.
From Zhenguan to Kaiyuan, the population, land and grain output of the Tang Dynasty greatly exceeded that of the previous dynasty.
People live and work in peace.
This also provides a strong guarantee for the vigorous development of handicrafts in the future.
The level of handicrafts in the Tang Dynasty is superb, even comparable to that of modern handicrafts.
We can get a glimpse of one or two works of art in the Tang Dynasty, such as Three Colors in the Tang Dynasty.
In the late Tang Dynasty, due to years of war in the north, the land was barren and the population was sparse. The relatively stable south gradually became the economic center of the Tang Dynasty.
Different from the north, handicrafts play a more important role in the southern economy.
Handicraft industry after the middle Tang Dynasty developed on the basis of the previous generation's production.
As far as shipbuilding, casting and silk weaving are concerned, they have surpassed the early Tang Dynasty in technology, and with the progress and improvement of handicraft industry, commercial trade has also flourished.
Most of the emerging cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are mainly commercial, such as Hongzhou and Suzhou, which were all commercial centers at that time.
In the late Tang Dynasty, a number of outstanding literati appeared, among which Du Fu and Bai Juyi were the most famous.
Du Fu's Car Shop and Bai Juyi's Three Officials and Three Farewells are both representative works.
Generally speaking, the Tang Dynasty was one of the most important and powerful countries in the world at that time.
The feudal powers in Europe mainly include the Frankish Kingdom and the Byzantine Empire, but in terms of social development stage, they are far behind the Tang Dynasty.
The important countries in the East are India and Japan.
India's King Wu just established a feudal system before and after unifying the subcontinent, but after his death, the subcontinent immediately fell apart, and the separatist situation continued until the end of the twelfth century.
Although Japan tried to imitate the system of the Tang Dynasty, the reform itself was a transition from slavery to feudalism.
Therefore, in the world, the Tang Dynasty not only stood on its own feet among the nations of the world, but also belonged to the most advanced ranks.
Secondly, the Tang Dynasty also played an important historical role in the development of multi-ethnic countries in China.
After the ethnic integration and cultural integration in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, China society regained political unity in Sui Dynasty.
However, after all, the Sui Dynasty was short-lived. Consolidating and developing the new unity of the Chinese nation and forming and prospering China's new culture became the historical task of the Li and Tang Dynasties.
The Tang Dynasty lasted for hundreds of years, with early unification, strong national strength and vast territory.
High-level material civilization and high-level culture have enhanced the centripetal force of neighboring ethnic groups, so the contacts and exchanges between ethnic groups in China have developed unprecedentedly and ethnic relations have become closer.
Therefore, the Tang Dynasty is another important historical stage of the growth and development of China's unified multi-ethnic country after the Han Dynasty.
Thirdly, the lofty international status and brilliant economic and cultural achievements of the Tang Dynasty Empire made Asian countries, even Europe and Africa, sincerely admire and compete with the Tang Dynasty, making China a bridge and center for economic and cultural exchanges among Asian countries and playing a significant role in East-West exchanges.
At that time, there were mainly Indian, * * * and China in the Tang Dynasty, among which the Tang Dynasty was the most prominent.
The Tang Dynasty is another peak period of economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in the history of China after the Han Dynasty, which has a particularly important position.
Thirdly, the Tang Dynasty was a crucial period for the transition of ancient China society from early to late. In this sense, the Tang Dynasty also has an important historical position.
At that time, the center of social change was: the national cultural environment since Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties had a great influence on the traditional China society, which produced many new factors, such as the decline of aristocratic families, the unprecedented development of the economic base and political power of ordinary landlords.
Accordingly, various systems are constantly being comprehensively reformed and updated.
Many budding new things appeared in the late Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching impact on the historical development of more than a thousand years later.
The change from rent-agent clearance to two tax laws is not only the reform of the tax system in the Tang Dynasty, but also the origin of the ancient tax system in China from fixed tax to production tax.
The "two taxes" in the Song Dynasty, the "one whip method" in the Ming Dynasty and the "spreading Ding to mu" in the Qing Dynasty are the continuation and development of the two taxes system in the Tang Dynasty.
The philosophical thoughts of Han Yu and Li Ao in the middle Tang Dynasty set a precedent for Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties.
The "ancient prose movement" advocated by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan laid the foundation for the second * * * of the "ancient prose movement" in Song Dynasty, and the wind of writing ancient prose continued until the eve of the "May 4th" vernacular movement.
Therefore, during the 200 years from the Middle Tang Dynasty to the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, great changes were brewing in the ancient society of China, and many new things sprouted in the Tang Dynasty.
At this historical turning point, there are both the pains of the decline of the old era and the dawn of a new era.
In short, the developed economy, prosperous culture, strong national strength and unprecedented international status in the Tang Dynasty are another prosperous situation in China's history after the Han Dynasty, which is called "Prospering the Tang Dynasty by Strengthening the Han Dynasty". The development of the late Tang Dynasty initiated the great social changes in ancient China.
The Tang Dynasty was indeed a glorious and great era in the history of the Chinese nation.