1, the beginning and formation period of Chinese medicine processing technology: Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period to Song Dynasty (5th century BC to12nd century AD).

2. The formation period of TCM processing theory: Jin and Yuan Dynasties (13 to16th century).

3. The extended application period of varieties and technologies of Chinese medicine processing: Qing Dynasty (17 to18th century).

4. The period of revitalization and development of traditional Chinese medicine processing: modern times (after the 9th century AD/KLOC-0).

Extended data

The concrete development of traditional Chinese medicine processing in four historical periods;

I. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period to Song Dynasty

Before the Han Dynasty, ancient documents recorded simple concoctions. Fifty-two Diseases Prescription, as the earliest medical prescription book in China, contains processing contents such as clean processing, cutting processing, water processing, fire processing and water-fire processing. , and recorded the specific operation method, but also explained the processing function of a single drug.

The purpose and principle of Chinese medicine processing in Han dynasty have been initially established, and a large number of processing methods and products have appeared. Shennong's materia medica explains the processing method and mechanism of toxic drugs in sequence. The book also points out the processing process of mineral drugs. Zhang Zhongjing's "Yu Jinkui Han Jing" initiated the theory of different uses of drugs, and expounded the relationship between drug properties and efficacy.

Liang Dynasty is the second summary in the history of pharmacy in China. Notes on Materia Medica systematically summarizes scattered processing techniques for the first time, and explains some processing functions. During the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Leidun summarized the techniques and experiences of predecessors, and wrote China's first monograph "On Leigong's Processing", which was divided into three volumes and described various processing methods of drugs, which had a great influence on the development of Chinese medicine processing in later generations, many of which were scientific.

In the Tang Dynasty, the systematization of processing principle and new processing methods were recorded in detail, and the processing of traditional Chinese medicine made great progress. Sun Simiao's "Preparing a Thousand Daughters for Emergency" suggested that every stone should be "floating" and Ophiopogon japonicus and ginger should be "ground to get juice". The Newly Revised Materia Medica, revised by Su Jing in the Tang Dynasty, stipulated for the first time that only rice wine and rice vinegar could be used as medicine, and the processed contents were listed as legal contents. The processing method of mineral medicine is recorded in detail, and the processing content is richer than that of the previous period.

In the Song Dynasty, the processing methods were greatly improved, and the processing purposes were diversified, from reducing side effects to increasing and changing curative effects, from processing decoction pieces to attaching importance to the preparation of medicinal decoction pieces. Wang Huaiyin's large prescription "Taiping Shenghui Fang" not only recorded a lot of processing contents, but also began to record the preparation method of milk.

In short, before the Song Dynasty, the principles, methods and applicable varieties of processing had begun to take shape, which was the formation period of processing technology.

Second, Jin, Yuan and Ming Dynasties

During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, famous doctors had their own specialties. Zhang, Wang, Wang and others paid special attention to the different applications of drugs before and after processing and the functions of processing accessories, and began to summarize various processing functions. By the Ming Dynasty, they further systematically sorted out and gradually formed the traditional processing theory.

This period is the formation period of Chinese medicine processing theory on the basis of predecessors' explanation of processing function and systematic summary.

Third, the Qing dynasty

In Qing Dynasty, many processed products were added on the basis of the theory of Ming Dynasty, and the processing methods and functions were specially recorded, but there were also different understandings and views on some processing.

In the Qing Dynasty, Liu Ruojin wrote "Notes on Materia Medica", which contained more than 300 kinds of processed drugs, and described various processing methods, functions, uses and theoretical explanations of drugs. Rich in content, revised and abridged by Yang Shitai as Notes on Materia Medica, which makes the original intention clearer and easier to understand. For example, Astragalus membranaceus "cures carbuncle, treats lung qi deficiency and honey roasting, and treats asthenia and salt water or steaming or frying."

Zhang Zhongyan's Guide to Repairing Things, Zhao Xuemin's Compendium of Materia Medica, and Tang Rongchuan's Theory of Blood Syndrome all recorded the related contents of the processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine in Qing Dynasty. In short, the Qing dynasty played a role in some processing, and the number of processed products increased, which was a period of further expansion and application of processing varieties and technologies.

Fourth, modernity.

After the founding of New China, in terms of inheritance, various localities sorted out the long-standing processing experience scattered in this area, and on this basis, formulated and published the processing norms of traditional Chinese medicine in various provinces and cities. At the same time, the National Pharmacopoeia has also included the processing content, formulated the General Rules for Processing Chinese Medicine, and published some processing monographs one after another.

By the end of 2065438+2006, all Chinese medicine majors in Chinese medicine colleges and universities in China had set up the course of Chinese medicine processing, which was listed as one of the professional courses. In teaching practice, textbooks are compiled according to regional characteristics. After repeated trials and revisions, it has been continuously enriched and improved, laying a good foundation for inheriting and carrying forward the processing science of traditional Chinese medicine.

During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" and "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, the research on the processing of traditional Chinese medicine was included in the national key project, and the processing technology and quality of 40 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine pieces, such as Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii and Rhizoma Pinelliae, were studied successively. Using modern science and technology, the evolution of processing, the screening and optimization of processing technology, the formulation of quality standards and the basic principles of processing were systematically and comprehensively studied, and great progress was made.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, there were 30 varieties such as Chuanxiong, Morinda officinalis and Euphorbia. The processing technology and quality standard of Chinese herbal pieces were studied, and the scientific connotation of Chinese herbal processing was revealed.

Baidu encyclopedia-processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine