Beijing, referred to as "Beijing" for short, was called Yanjing and Peiping in ancient times. It is the capital, municipality directly under the Central Government, national central city and megacity of People's Republic of China (PRC), and the political center, cultural center, international exchange center and scientific and technological innovation center of China approved by the State Council.

Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The west, north and northeast are surrounded by mountains, and the southeast is a plain that slowly inclines to the Bohai Sea. The main rivers flowing through the territory are: Yongding River, Chaobai River, North Canal and Juma River. , mostly originated in the northwest mountainous area.

Through the mountains, winding through the plains to the southeast, and finally into the Bohai Sea. Beijing's climate is a warm temperate semi-humid semi-arid monsoon climate, with high temperature and rainy summer, cold and dry winter and short spring and autumn.

Extended data:

The annual average solar radiation in Beijing is 1 12 ~ 136 kcal/cm. The two high-value areas are distributed in Yanqing basin and the northwest of Miyun county to the east of Huairou, with annual radiation above 135 kcal/cm. The low-value area is located near Xiayunling in Fangshan District, and the annual radiation is 1 12 kcal/cm. The average annual sunshine hours in Beijing are between 2000 and 2800 hours.

The maximum value is over 2800 hours in Yanqing County and Gubeikou, and the minimum value is distributed in Xiayunling and Rizhao for 2063 hours. In summer rainy season, the sunshine hours are reduced, and the monthly sunshine hours are about 230 hours. Although the sunshine hours in autumn are not as much as those in spring, they are more than those in summer, with a monthly sunshine of 230-245 hours.