Zeng Wuyue, a 73-year-old expert on Zhangzhou earth buildings, believes that Fujian round earth buildings originated in the middle and lower reaches of Jiulong River and its surrounding areas, and were the product of Zhangzhou ancestors' anti-Japanese war. Tulou was created by Zhangzhou people in the lower reaches of Jiulong River and its nearby areas in the Ming Dynasty in their bloody struggle against the Japanese aggressors. Its earliest appearance should be in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. This can be confirmed from many historical materials. In the sixth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1527), there was no word "tulou" in the Annals of Longxi County edited by Liu Tianshou, the magistrate of Longxi County, but the Annals of Haicheng County in the sixth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1623) recorded Chen Bing in the thirty-fifth year of Jiajing (1556). "Records of Zhangzhou Prefecture in the First Year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1573)" records: "There are not many ancient and fashionable earth castles in Zhangzhou ... Since Jiajing forty years ago, thieves have sprung up everywhere, and folk groups have built earth walls and buildings, especially along the coast." The number of earth castles and earth buildings in Longxi, Zhangpu, Zhaoan and Haicheng is listed one by one. This is the first time that the word "tulou" has appeared in official documents. At that time, there was no record of earth buildings in Pinghe, Longyan and Zhangping, which belonged to Zhangzhou Prefecture. It can be seen that during the Jiajing period, earth buildings were only distributed on both sides of the lower reaches of the Jiulong River. In the first year of tomorrow (162 1- 1627), Chen Tianding, a scholar in Longxi, wrote a book "Beixi Jisheng" to Shi Bangyao, the magistrate of Zhangzhou, saying that at that time, "fireworks were dense and castles confronted each other", and the villages below Longling (now Huafeng Town, Hua 'an County) were "built with mountain castles". Tulou first appeared in the lower reaches of the Jiulong River, which originated from the self-defense measures taken by the people in response to the sudden invasion of the Japanese army. At that time, the enemy landed from the sea and quickly moved inland along the Jiulong River. The officers and men were caught off guard and could not protect themselves. The people had to rely on their own strength, use local materials and build earth castles and earth buildings to resist. This can be reflected when Huang Wenhao wrote Ode to Tulou. Huang Wenhao was promoted in the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing (1555), and became the first in the following year. Jiajing Chen Bing In the same year, the Japanese began to harass Zhangzhou on a large scale. At that time, people rushed to build castles, and Huang Wenhao was a historical witness of the birth of Tulou. This song "Ode to Tulou" truly records the reasons for the birth of Tulou. "Taking the mountain as the city and chopping wood as the soldier" refers to the geographical environment and the reasons for building earth buildings, and "the isolation layer connects with empty castles", which shows that the low-level guild halls in southern Fujian have been unable to resist the Japanese invasion, and only multi-storey castles can save their lives. The Zhangpu County Records during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty also clearly pointed out: "The existence of earthen castles is mostly due to the fact that people will forgive thieves and thieves in the next season, so powerful people will lead people to build castles in danger to prevent thieves from hurting their ears." The prototype of Tulou is the official Acropolis. Huaiyuan Building in Nanjing was built by overseas Chinese in the 30th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1904). There are more than 260 earth buildings in Zhongzhen Town, Longyan City, which is the most densely populated place in Fujian, and it was also built by the "big money of tobacco merchants" in Qing Dynasty. Because of the dense number of earth buildings in Nanjing and Yongding, they are magnificent.