Guoyu is the first book on Chinese studies in China, with 2 1 volume (article), which records eight countries: Zhou, Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu and Yue. The time to keep records began in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty and ended at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which lasted for about 500 years.

Introduction to Putonghua

Guoyu, also known as Chunqiu Zhuan or Zuoshi Family Biography, is the earliest national history book in China, which was reportedly written by Zuo Qiuming in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Legend is a national style work written by Zuo Qiuming in the Spring and Autumn Period. Since the Song Dynasty, many scholars, including Kang Youwei, have suspected that Guoyu is a fake of Liu Xin in the Western Han Dynasty. This book covers the period from the 12th year of Zhou Muwang (990 BC) to the Crusade to the West (about 947 BC) to the demise of Zhi Bo (453 BC). "Mandarin" includes courtship, feasting, satire, argument, response and some historical events and legends among nobles of various countries. Guoyu is the first national history book in China.

Social influence of Putonghua

There is a strong ethical tendency in the content of Guoyu, which carries forward the spirit of virtue, respects etiquette norms and considers "courtesy" as the foundation of governing the country. It emphasizes loyalty to the monarch.

The political view of Guoyu is relatively progressive, it opposes tyranny and corruption, attaches importance to public opinion and talents, and has a strong people-oriented thought.

Guoyu records the economy, finance, military affairs, art of war, diplomacy, education, law and marriage in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is very important for studying the history of the pre-Qin period.