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Second, the dynasty information:

1, Qin dynasty

The Qin Dynasty (22 BC1-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China, which was developed by the State of Qin during the Warring States Period. Fei Da, the ancestor of the Qin people, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and was given the surname of Won. When he was in Qin Mugong, he was a wise man, coachable was modest, destroyed twelve countries, traveled thousands of miles, and became increasingly powerful.

36 1 year ago, Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne and reused Shang Yang's two political reforms, which made Qin's economy develop and the combat effectiveness of the army continuously strengthened, and developed into the most prosperous vassal state at the end of the Warring States Period. Qin destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively, and completed the great cause of reunification.

22 1 years ago, the king of Qin proclaimed himself emperor, which was called "Qin Shihuang" in history. The Qin dynasty set up three officials and nine ministers in the central government to manage state affairs; Partially abolish the enfeoffment system and replace it with the county system; Implement books in the same language, cars in the same track and unified measurement.

Attack the Huns in the north, conquer hundreds of places in the south, build the Great Wall to repel foreign enemies, and dig Lingqu to connect the water system. The establishment of centralization laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years, and laid the ruling foundation of China's unified dynasty, so it was called "the implementation of Qin politics and law in past dynasties".

The Qin Dynasty ended the 500-year-old warlord regime since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first centralized country with multi-ethnic integration in the history of China. This has had a profound impact on the history of China.

Before 2 10, Qin Shihuang died in a sand dune (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province) during his cruise. His son Hu Hai acceded to the throne as Qin Ershi. Although the Qin dynasty had a great influence in history, it abused the people's power and was unified for only ten years.

In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Guangwu cut firewood for the soldiers, rose up and the world responded. Liu Bang and Xiang Yu rose up against Qin. Before 207, Qin died.

2. Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (6 18-907) was a unified Central Plains dynasty after the Sui Dynasty, with a total of 2 1 emperor, enjoying the dynasty for 289 years.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world was in harmony. In 6 17, Tang Guogong Li Yuan set out for Jinyang and proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an the following year. Emperor Taizong advocated the rule of chastity after he ascended the throne. Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and initiated the rule of Yonghui.

In 690, Wu Zetian took the Tang Dynasty in the Zhou Dynasty and made Luoyang its capital, which was called Wu Zhou in history, creating a situation of running the world and laying the foundation for the emergence of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

In 705, after the Dragon Revolution, Tang Zhongzong restored the title of the Tang Dynasty. After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, he created a prosperous new century in which all ethnic groups came to Korea. At the end of Tianbao, the national population reached about 80 million.

After the Anshi Rebellion, the vassal regime became independent, and the eunuchs were authoritarian, which led to the gradual decline of national strength; In the middle and late period, the trend of developing Jingyuan, Huichang and Dazhong was gradually strengthened. In 878, Huang Chao destroyed the ruling foundation of the Tang Dynasty. In 907, Zhu Wen usurped the throne, the Tang Dynasty perished, and China entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

3. Song Dynasty

Song Dynasty (960- 1279) is a dynasty in the history of China, which is divided into two stages: the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. It lasted 18 emperor and enjoyed the country for 3 19 years.

In 960, the generals of the later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, and established Songzhou as the emperor of German Zhao Kuangyin, thus establishing the Song Dynasty. In order to avoid the chaos of the regime and eunuch's authoritarian power in the late Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin adopted the policy of emphasizing literature and restraining military power, strengthened centralization and deprived military commanders of their military power.

After Song Taizong succeeded to the throne, the whole country was unified, and after forming a single-source alliance with Liao, he gradually stepped into the rule of the world. 1 125, the state of Jin invaded the south on a large scale, which led to the shame of Jingkang and the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, King of Kang, ascended the throne in Yingtianfu and established the Southern Song Dynasty.

After the Shaoxing peace talks, the Qin Mausoleum-Huaihe River was the boundary with the State of Jin, which was jointly destroyed by Mongolia in 1234, song and yuan war broke out in 1235, Lin 'an was captured by the Yuan Dynasty in 1276, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished after the sea battle at Yashan.

4. Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty established by Mongols (127 1 year-1368) was the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in the history of China. The capital metropolis (now Beijing) experienced five emperors and eleven emperors, which lasted for 98 years.

1206, Genghis Khan Temujin unified Mobei, established Great Mongolia, and began to expand abroad, successively attacking and destroying Western Liao, Xixia, Huala, Eastern Xia, Jin and other countries. After the death of Mongolian Khan, the dispute between Alibaba brothers and Kublai Khan was triggered, which led to the division of Mongolia.

1260, Kublai Khan, established the "great unity" of the Yuan Dynasty. 127 1 year, Kublai Khan changed his title to "Dayuan" in the Book of Changes, and moved the capital to Yanjing the following year, calling it Dadu.

1279 (in the 16th year of Yuan Dynasty), the Yuan Army wiped out the Southern Song Dynasty in the naval battle of Yashan, ending the long-term war situation.

After that, the Yuan Dynasty continued to expand to the outside world, but when it went to sea to conquer Japan and Southeast Asian countries, it suffered repeated defeats and wars, such as the Yuan-Japan War, the Yuan-Vietnam War, the Yuan-Burma War and the Yuan Claw War. There were frequent coups in the mid-Yuan Dynasty, and politics was never on the right track. In the later period, political corruption, powerful ministers in power, and increasingly serious ethnic and class contradictions led to the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.

1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor to establish the Ming Dynasty, and then the Northern Expedition expelled the Yuan court to capture Beijing. Since then, Yuan Ting retired to Mobei, known as Beiyuan in history. 1402, Chen Yuangui and Li Chi usurped power to establish Tatar, and the Northern Yuan Dynasty perished.

5. Ming dynasty

The Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644) was a unified dynasty established by the Han nationality, which was passed down to sixteen emperors and enjoyed the country for 276 years.

The Red Scarf Uprising broke out at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Guo Zixing team. 1364 was called the King of Wu, and in history it was called Xiwu. 1368 proclaimed himself emperor at the beginning of the year, taking Daming as the country name and Yingtianfu as the capital. 1420, Judy moved the capital to Shuntianfu, with Yingtianfu as its capital.

In the early Ming Dynasty, after the rule of Hongwu, Yongle and Ren Xuan, the politics was clear and the national strength was strong. In the middle period, the country turned from prosperity to decline, and was later revived by Hongzhi Zhongxing, Jiajing Zhongxing and Wanli Zhongxing. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, due to the party struggle and natural disasters in Lindong, the national strength declined and the peasant uprising broke out.

1644 Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, and the Ming Dynasty perished. The Ming imperial clan established Nanming in Jiangnan, and then the Qing Dynasty defeated the regimes of Dashun, Daxi, Nanming Hong Guang, Longwu and Shaowu. 1662, Li Yong was killed and Nanming was destroyed. 1683, Taiwan Province province was captured by the Qing army, and Zheng Ming, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, fell.

Baidu encyclopedia-Chinese historical dynasties