A Reading Report on the Outline of China's Modern History (No Imperialism and the End of the Control of the Revolution of 1911) —— Reading Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Constitution of the Three People's Principles without Five Powers. Dr. Sun Yat-sen lived in an era when the national crisis deepened, the Qing Dynasty almost went bankrupt, and the bourgeois democratic revolutionary thoughts surged. First, at the beginning of the 20th century, imperialist powers invaded China day by day. After forcing China to sign the "Xin Chou Treaty", they strengthened their political control over the Qing government and expanded their economic strength in China in many ways. From 1904 to 1905, Japan and Russia fought in the northeast of China for the benefit of China. Secondly, in the last few years of the Qing dynasty, various taxes were cut and increased, and new taxes emerged one after another. Officials pocketed their own money and public grievances boiled. First, the signing of 190 1 shows that the Qing government headed by Empress Dowager Cixi has completely become a tool for foreign powers to rule China, and they are willing to be "the court of foreigners". Although the Qing government later implemented a series of reforms, the fundamental purpose of the reforms was to continue its reactionary rule, thus intensifying contradictions. To tell the truth, the Ming and Qing governments did not have the rule of law. Finally, the rapid spread of bourgeois democratic revolution shocked China's ideological circle and promoted the democratic revolution. The first to wake up is the emerging group of intellectuals. With the widespread spread of undemocratic ideas, many revolutionary groups have emerged at home and abroad. Zhong Xing Society, Huaxing Society, science tutorial school, Guangfu Society, etc. On August 20th, 1905, the China League was established. Sun Yat-sen put forward the platform of "expelling the Tatars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China, and sharing land rights equally". The establishment of China League represents a new stage of China's bourgeois-democratic revolution. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's thought of the Three People's Principles was first published in People's Daily, the organ newspaper of the League. Later, the party program and national defense program of China Kuomintang also expounded the Three People's Principles and the five-power constitution. The main contents are as follows: 1. Three People's Principles: (1) Nationalism: form the Great China nation with the existing nationalities in China and realize the nation-state. (b) Democracy: The realization of direct civil rights cannot complete the national politics of equality between men and women, and the people have the following rights: the right to choose, the right to create, the right to re-elect and the right to recall. (c) People's livelihood: prevent the inequality of the working class, seek social and economic adjustment, and develop the wealth of the whole people with the qualification of the whole people. Its main realization is as follows: 1 State-owned industries: all large-scale industries in China are owned by the whole people and managed by the government; 2. Average land ownership: In order to achieve average land ownership, some countries have stipulated land law, land use law and land price tax law; 3. Reform the currency: reform the monetary system to achieve domestic economic progress. Five-power Constitution: (1) Legislative power; (2) Judicial power; (3) Administrative power; (4) Supervision power; (5) Examination power; based on the principle of separation of five powers, complete a more progressive Constitution of the Republic of China. Nationalism includes "expelling the Tatars and restoring China". First, we should overthrow the Qing government by revolutionary means and change its consistent policy of ethnic discrimination and oppression; The thing is to pursue independence and build an independent nation. From this perspective, Sun Yat-sen's thought is of epoch-making significance. He not only saw the wanton invasion and plunder of China by foreign powers, but also realized the weakness of the Qing government and was determined to overthrow the incompetent Qing government. The West is very afraid of the separation of powers, but Sun Wen is only afraid that it is an "all-powerful government". He believes that we can use the four powers of election, recall, creation and referendum to prevent the omnipotent government from becoming a dictatorship.