Vietnam's "direct combat object"
/kloc-Before the 0/7th century, Vietnam and Cambodia were not bordered, and there were still countries occupying women between the two countries. From the17th century, Vietnam first invaded Champo, and then began to plunder a large area of land in Cambodia. Since then, the two countries have accumulated deep grievances. /kloc-In the middle of 0/9th century, Vietnam and Cambodia became French colonies at the same time. In order to resist the common enemy, the people of the two countries began to eliminate old feuds. Fight side by side. After 1950s, in the struggle against American aggression and for national liberation, the Vietnamese and Cambodian people supported and cooperated with each other, and established a profound friendship in the common struggle. In particular, the Cambodian people have provided great help for the reunification of Vietnam's north and south, but at the same time they have paid a huge price. At that time, the Vietnamese government issued a statement expressing its recognition and respect for Cambodia's integrity and Vietnam's border. However, after the War to Resist American Aggression and Save the Nation ended, Vietnam used the "special relationship" between Vietnam and Cambodia as an excuse to step up its territorial expansion in Cambodia, and put pressure on Cambodian resistance forces many times to set up a so-called "joint command" with Vietnamese as its important post. This was rejected by Cambodians. However, Vietnam did not stop there. They sent heavy troops to occupy the parrot mouth area in Cambodia, making it the frontier of Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia. 1since June 1975, Vietnam has constantly provoked armed conflicts and created border disputes in the border areas of Vietnam and Cambodia. 1978 At the end of February, the Vietnamese authorities made a decision to support the Cambodian rebellion with military force. In May, the Fourth Plenary Session of the Fourth Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam officially recognized China and Cambodia as "direct war targets" and decided to launch a large-scale war of aggression against Cambodia.
Vietnam's offensive action
1978 12.25, Vietnam dispatched more than 200,000 regular troops to launch raids from Chai Town, Snu and Ratana on the Cambodian border. Vietnam intends to raid and occupy Cambodia. Vietnam's offensive is divided into two steps: (1) concentrating troops to capture the area east of Mekong River in Cambodia; (2) Capture the western part of Gampuchai. On the 25th, the Vietnamese soldiers divided into five roads and began to invade Cambodia on a large scale. 1 Road first broke through the weak place in northeast Cambodia,1October 3 1979, 65438+ occupied the top and walked. The second road, with the cooperation of tanks, broke through the Cambodian Snu defense line and occupied Orange Well on 65438+February 30. The third road attacked from Leke to the west, pushed on 1979 1.2 to Dongli North, an important ferry of Mekong River, and crossed the river to besiege Kampong Cham. The fourth road is the main attack force, which is almost equal to Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. The fifth road is near the southwest of Phnom Penh. By June 5, 65438, the Vietnamese army cut off the road from Phnom Penh to other places from the east, west and south, and completed the encirclement of Phnom Penh. In this case, Cambodian troops voluntarily withdrew from Phnom Penh, and on June 7, 65438, Vietnamese troops occupied Phnom Penh. 10, the puppet regime was proclaimed. Then, the Vietnamese soldiers divided into three roads, advanced to the west of Cambodia, and occupied the main towns and traffic lines in Cambodia. Cambodian resistance forces moved to rural areas and mountainous areas for guerrilla warfare.
The resistance movement in Cambodia
Cambodia's resistance consists of three parts: Cambodian National Army, Sihanoukville Army and Khmer People's National Liberation Army led by Song Shuang. Under the invasion of Vietnamese, the Cambodian government fully realized that only by organizing all anti-Vietnamese forces can it play an important role. 1979 65438+In February, People's Republic of China (PRC) and Cambodia held a joint meeting attended by People's Republic of China (PRC)'s Standing Committee, government and military representatives, reorganized People's Republic of China (PRC) and Cambodia, appointed Pan Weimin, Prime Minister of Qiao Sen, and suspended the implementation of the new constitutions of People's Republic of China (PRC) and Cambodia. According to the new historical conditions, a new political program is put forward: "patriotism, democracy and national United front". 19811On February 6th, the Cambodian Central Committee announced the dissolution of communist party. 1On June 22nd, 982, the patriotic forces of People's Republic of China (PRC) and Cambodia put their national interests first, put aside their differences, and joined hands to form the coalition government of democratic kampuchea to resist the Vietnamese invasion. After the establishment of the Cambodia-Cambodia Coalition government, it actively led the Cambodian people to fight against the Vietnamese aggressor army and the puppet group in Phnom Penh, recovered a lot of lost land and turned the war around. In order to destroy the people and Cambodia's resistance and occupy Cambodia in an all-round way, the Vietnamese aggressor army began to launch an offensive in western Cambodia in 1983. The Cambodian army took advantage of the enemy's weakness, adopted flexible combat methods and constantly attacked the enemy's strongholds. They often send guerrillas deep into the mainland to attack the transportation supply lines of the Vietnamese army, harass the enemy's rear and contain the enemy, making the Vietnamese army exhausted and passive everywhere. 1984165438+10. In October, after full preparation, the Vietnamese army mobilized seven divisions and launched a large-scale attack on western Cambodia with the cooperation of the puppet troops in Phnom Penh. They built fortifications in the Thai-Cambodian border area and besieged the people active in this area and the Cambodian resistance. In response to the actions of the Vietnamese army, the Cambodian government shifted its focus from the Thai-Cambodian border area to the mainland. And expanded guerrilla activities to the west of the Mekong River, crushing the Vietnamese army's attempt.
Condemnation by the international community
Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia was strongly condemned by the international community. At the same time, the Cambodian people's struggle against Vietnam also won the sympathy and support of the international community. Cambodia has become a major concern of the international community. The United Nations Security Council has repeatedly passed resolutions demanding that Vietnam unconditionally withdraw from Cambodia. From the 34th session of the General Assembly from 65438 to 0979, all subsequent sessions of the General Assembly focused on Cambodia and strongly urged Vietnam to withdraw its troops from Cambodia. Under the pressure of public opinion in the international community, the Vietnamese authorities had to issue a statement announcing the conditional withdrawal of troops from Cambodia. With the joint efforts of the international community, in March 1986, the Cambodian Coalition government put forward a proposal for a political solution to the Cambodian issue, suggesting that the Vietnamese government hold negotiations with Cambodia to discuss the process of withdrawing troops from Cambodia; Prepare to form a Cambodian four-party coalition government headed by Prince Sihanouk and Prime Minister Song Shuang. 1In August 1990, the five permanent members of the United Nations held their sixth meeting on Cambodia at United Nations Headquarters, and adopted a comprehensive political settlement package for Cambodia. 19 September 1990 to19 September 1990, representatives of the Quartet held an informal meeting in Jakarta and reached an agreement to announce the establishment of the Cambodian National Supreme Council. The representatives of the Cambodia Quartet also announced in the form of a statement that they accepted the package plan on Cambodia adopted by the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and promised to use it as the basis for solving the Cambodia problem. However, due to the opposition of the Phnom Penh regime to Sihanouk's chairmanship of the Supreme Council of the State, the Committee has been unable to function normally. In the same year, the co-chairmen of the Paris Conference of Cambodia held a meeting with members of the Supreme Council of Cambodia 12 in Paris from February 2 to 23, 65438, and reached an agreement on the basic points of the plan drafted by the UN Security Council. At this point, the Cambodian peace process has embarked on a new starting point.