1. The earliest chronicle book is Chunqiu.

2. The earliest national history book is Mandarin.

3. The earliest biographical history book is Historical Records written by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty, with a total of 130 articles. ?

4. The earliest biographical chronology is Han Shu written by Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, with 65,438+000 volumes and 65,438+020 articles.

5. Others:

minister

Zuo zhuan

Mandarin

Conspiracy in the warring States period

book of later han

History of Three Kingdoms

Supplementary explanation:

Famous historian:

1, Sima Qian

Sima Qian (65438 BC+045 BC-90 BC) was born in xia yang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi) and Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi). China was a great historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Tan's son, Ren Taishiling, was imprisoned for defending Li Ling's defeat and surrender, and later served as the secretariat. He worked hard to complete the historical records he wrote, and was called Shi Qian, Tai Shigong and the father of history by the later Buddha.

Sima Qian studied under Kong Anguo and Dong Zhongshu in his early years, roaming around, learning about customs and collecting rumors. As a first-time doctor, he served in the southwest. In the third year of Yuanfeng (108), he was appointed as the Taishiling, inherited his father's business and wrote history. He created China's first biography and general history book (formerly known as Taishi Gongshu) with the historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between man and nature, understanding the changes from ancient times to modern times, and making a family statement". It is recognized as a model of China's history books, which records more than 3,000 years' history from the legendary period of the Yellow Emperor to the first year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It is the first of the "twenty-five histories" and is praised by Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, and Li Sao has no rhyme".

2. Chen Shou

Chen Shou (233-297), the word Chengzuo. A native of Han 'an County, Brazil (now Nanchong, Sichuan). A famous historian of Shu and Han dynasties in the Three Kingdoms and Western Jin Dynasty. When I was young, I longed to learn. I studied under Qiao Zhou, a scholar in the same county. When I was there, I used to be the main book of General Wei, the secretary of Dongguan, the history of Guan Ge and the assistant minister of Huangmen. At that time, eunuch Huang Hao was authoritarian, and his ministers followed suit. Chen Shou was repeatedly dismissed because he refused to give in to Huang Hao. After Shu fell to Jin, he worked as a writer, magistrate, scholar and prince. He was demoted and criticized many times in his later years. Yuan Kang died in 297 at the age of 65.

In the first year of Taikang (280), after the division of the Jin Dynasty, Chen Shou went through 10 years of hardships, and completed 65 volumes of 367,000-word biographical historical masterpiece "The History of the Three Kingdoms", which completely described the historical panorama of China from division to unity in the late Han Dynasty and early Jin Dynasty, and compared it with Historical Records, Hanshu and the later Han Dynasty.

3. Sima Guang

Sima Guang (1019165438+1October 17- 1086), whose real name is Junshi, was born in Suishui, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province). Politicians, historians and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty. After the four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong, he was given Wen's and Wen Guogong's courtesy. Work hard and diligently. Boasting that "the day is insufficient, the night follows", his personality can be called a model under Confucian education and has always been admired.

When Song Renzong was studying, he entered Longtuge with a bachelor's degree. When Song Shenzong was in office, he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. There were many people inside and outside the imperial court who opposed it, and Sima Guang was one of them. After Wang Anshi's political reform, Sima Guang left the imperial court for fifteen years, and presided over the compilation of Zi Tongzhi Jian, the first chronological general history in China history. He wrote many works in his life, mainly historical masterpieces, such as Zi Jian, Guo Wensi's Official Document of Mars, Ji Gu Lu, Su Shui and Xu Qian.

4. Zuo Qiuming

Zuo Qiuming (about 502 BC-about 422 BC): Du Jun (now Shandong) was named Qiu Ming, because his father was a historian, so he was called Zuo Qiuming. For a long time, due to the limited records of Zuo Qiuming, the author of Zuo Zhuan in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, scholars in previous dynasties argued endlessly about Zuo Qiuming's name. Compound surname, Ming said; It is said that the single surname is Zuo, whose real name is Qiu Ming. However, in history, Zuo Qiuming is a descendant of Jiang Ziya, and the direct Sun Qiu (Qiu) family is more reliable, while the collateral Zuo family is open to question.

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Junzhuang (now Donghengyu Village, Shi Heng Town, Feicheng City, Shandong Province) was born. Historians, writers, thinkers, essayists and militarists in the late Spring and Autumn Period. At the same time or slightly older than Confucius. He used to be a historian of Lu, and wrote Zuo Zhuan (also known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals) and Guoyu for the purpose of analyzing Spring and Autumn Annals. He was blind when he wrote Mandarin. The two books recorded many important historical events in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Annals, and preserved original materials with high value. Because of the detailed historical materials and vivid writing, it has aroused the hobbies and discussions of scholars at home and abroad. Confucius and Sima Qian both honored Zuo Qiuming as a "gentleman", known as "Shi Sheng, a scholar" and "the father of politicians". Emperors of past dynasties have many seals: the seal of the Tang Dynasty; Song Feng's flawed Qiu Bo and Du Zhongbo; The Ming dynasty named sages and sages. Tyumen Middle School was built in Feicheng, Shandong Province to commemorate Zuo Qiuming.

Zuo Qiuming is the founder of traditional historiography in China. Historians regard Zuo Qiuming as the originator of China's historiography. Known as "the father of hundred schools of thought, the father of ancient Chinese." Zuo Qiuming's thought is Confucianism, which reflects the interests and demands of the people at that time.