Historical evaluation
Mozi: "In the past, Wen Gong Li was in the world; Duke Huan went to the kingdom to dominate the princes; Gou Jian, the King of Yue, saw the ugliness of the King of Wu and photographed the saints in China. The success of the three sons in the world is also due to the suppression of their country and the domestic scandal. There is no defeat in the world, and the second defeat is successful. This is called using the people. "
Sima Qian:
(1) "Gong Yuzhi big yi, gradually nine sichuan, kyushu, as for today's Xia Yi Ann. Miao Goujian, however, was bitter and anxious, and finally destroyed the powerful Wu, and watched the soldiers in China in the north, so as to respect him and claim to be the overlord. Gou Jian is not a virtuous man! There is a strong legacy. "
(2) "the more ZuShaoKang, as for allow often. His son began to bully others and compete with Wu. He Lu was injured in the battle of Xiu Mei. The shame of the meeting is that Gou Jian wants to be. It is beneficial to plant lures, and it is also good to know about them. Corporal Jay, I dare not think about it. After his death, he returned to China. "
Wang Lang: "Gou Jian wants to spread out the territory of the Prince, so he wants to take Fu Cha to Gusu, so he has to make an appointment with his body and family to save his family and make contributions to the country. With energy, he can cover the five lakes, sweep the three rivers, seize China and dominate China. "
The life of the character
Beat Wu one after another
Gou Jian, the King of Yue, is a descendant of Yu Xia, the founding monarch of Xia Dynasty, and a direct descendant of Shao Kang, an illegitimate child of Xia Dynasty. Yu Yu was sealed in Huiji, responsible for guarding the sacrifice to Yu Xia. After the establishment of Yue State, it has maintained a relatively backward living custom and rarely contacted the Central Plains. At this time, it is the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. After more than 20 generations, it spread to Gou Jian's father, Yun Chang. When Yunshang was in power, he fought many battles with He Lv, the monarch of Wu. After the death of Yunshang, Gou Jian succeeded to the throne as the King of Yue.
In the first year of Gou Jian, King of Yue (496 BC), He Lv, King of Wu, learned of Yun Chang's death and sent troops to attack Yue. In Zuli (now south of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province), Gou Jian sent brave men who dared to die to challenge Wu Jun, lined up in three rows, walked to Wu Jun and shouted in unison that he would commit suicide. Wu Jun lost in thought. The Vietnamese army took the opportunity to attack Wu Jun, and Wu Jun was defeated. The doctor of Yue attacked the Prince and Lu with Ge, and cut off their thumbs. He Lv, the prince of Wu, was forced to retreat, and the army retreated to Qili. He Lv, the prince of Wu, died of serious injuries. When He Lv, the king of Wu, died, he told his son Fu Cha, "Don't forget to take revenge on Yue."
Summary failure
In the third year (494 BC), Gou Jian heard that Fu Cha, King of Yue, was going to attack Yue. Gou Jian decided to attack the State of Wu first, and then sent his troops. Fan Li dissuaded him, but Gou Jian refused to listen and continued to send his troops. When Fuxi heard about this, he sent all elite troops to attack the Vietnamese army and beat the Vietnamese army out of the water at Fujiao. Gou Jian retreated to Huiji with only 5,000 troops, and Wu Jun besieged the Vietnamese army. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, deeply regretted it. Fan Li suggested that Gou Jian make peace with Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and be merged into the State of Wu as a minister. So Gou Jian asked the doctor to talk to Wu. It means that Gou Jian, the king of Yue, is willing to enter Wu, taking his wife as his minister.
Fu Cha, the king of Wu, agreed to Gou Jian's request, while Wu Zixu, the prime minister, opposed it, thinking that God wanted Wu to destroy Yue and could not agree to it. After Wen Zi returned to Yue State, he told Gou Jian about Wu's attitude. When Gou Jian heard that he decided to kill his wife and children, he fought Wu to the death. The literary school believes that Ai Bo, the ruler of the State of Wu, is greedy for money and can give money to goods to alienate the monarch and ministers of the State of Wu. Gou Jian thought it was feasible, so he sent someone to give it to Abel, a beautiful woman with rich goods. Ai Bo really accepted the bribe from Yue Guo. I went to see Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and said, "If we continue to attack the State of Yue, Gou Jian will kill his wife and children, burn down his palace and fight to the death with the State of Wu. At that time, the whole country will be unified, and the remaining 5,000 people will share the same enemy. It will be even more difficult to profit from it. " Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, thought it was reasonable and accepted Yue's invitation. Wu Zixu warned the king of Wu: "Give me a good chance now, and I won't die. I will regret it later. " Fu Cha, the king of Wu, did not listen to Wu Zixu, pardoned Gou Jian, the king of Yue, and withdrew from Yue.
In May of the fifth year (492 BC) of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, Gou Jian, the doctor Wen Zi and Fan Li surrendered to Wu, and all the ministers of Yue were sent to Zhejiang. People blocked the passage on the seaside road, and the military vehicle that saw me off went all the way to Guling. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, sighed, raised his glass and wept bitterly at all without saying a word. After arriving in Wu, Gou Jian was trapped in Huiji and sighed, "Is this my life?" Wen Zi said: "At the beginning, Shang Tang was imprisoned in Xiatai by Jie Li, in Youli, fled to Beizhai, fled to Ju, and finally dominated the world. From this perspective, what can this grievance be? "
In March, the King of Wu called the King of Yue into the court. The King of Yue fell in front and Fan Li stood behind. The prince of Wu said to Fan Li, "I heard that a virtuous woman will not marry a prodigal family, and a virtuous man will not be an official or perish the country. Today, the king of Yue has no way, the country will die, the country will collapse and die, laughing at the world. And the son is a slave, so it is not contemptible to come to Wu. " I want to forgive my son's crime. Can he turn over a new leaf, abandon him and return to Wu? "
When Gou Jian arrived in Wu, Fu Cha let the couple live in a stone house next to He Lv's tomb and let Gou Jian feed the horses. Fan Li followed closely as a slave. Every time Fu Cha goes out by car, Gou Jian gives him a Lama. After two years, Fu Cha thought that Gou Jian had sincerely surrendered to him and let him go home.
Endure hardships to achieve some ambition.
After Gou Jian returned to China, he never forgot the humiliating scene. Gou Jian hung a gallbladder in his room, and every meal should be tasted bitter to remind himself not to forget the bitter and humiliating experience in Wu! He wore coarse clothes and ate, plowed and sowed with the people. Mrs Gou Jian leads women to develop sericulture and weaving. Gou Jian's husband and wife shared weal and woe with the people, which inspired the whole country and Qi Xin to work together to destroy Wu's revenge at an early date. Gou Jian also used the minister's suggestion to bribe the prince of Wu and paralyze the other side; Buy the grain of Wu, and make the grain depot empty; Giving wood costs Wu manpower and material resources to build a palace; Spreading rumors, alienating the monarch and ministers of Wu, killing Fu Cha's energy with honey traps, keeping him out of it and killing Wu Zixu.
Gou Jian, the king of Yue, also issued a decree to promote the population growth of Yue. Through a series of measures to develop production and enhance the combat effectiveness of the army, this rich Vietnamese country has the ability to take revenge on Wu.
Advance while your opponent is not looking.
See also: Battle of Rize.
In the first 482 years, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, led a good soldier to Huangchi League in the north, leaving only the old, the weak and the prince behind. So the King of Yue sent 2,000 water troops, 40,000 well-trained soldiers, 6,000 well-educated core guards and 1000 technical officers to attack the State of Wu. Gou Jian took the opportunity to attack Wu, defeated Wu Jun and killed the king of Wu. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, returned to China urgently. Yue felt powerless to destroy Wu and forced Wu to make peace.
In the first 478 years, the State of Yue led troops to attack the State of Wu again, and defeated Wu Jun in Li Ze. Since then, Wu has been devastated.
Destroy Wu and seek hegemony
In 476, Gou Jian, the king of Yue, attacked Wu again. In the first 475 years, the Vietnamese army besieged Wu. In the first 473 years, the Vietnamese army invaded Wudu and the State of Wu perished. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, wanted to exile Fu Cha, the king of Wu, to Yongdong (now Zhoushan) and give him hundreds of families to live in. The King of Wu said, "I am too old to serve the King of Yue. I regret not listening to (Wu Zixu) and putting myself in this situation. " So he committed suicide. The King of Yue destroyed the State of Wu and killed Tai Zaibo because he was unfaithful to the Lord, and then led his troops back to China. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was greatly shocked.
After Yue went north for hegemony and its demise, Gou Jian destroyed Wu. He was full of ambition, imitated Fu Cha's appearance, crossed the Han ditch dug by Fu Cha, crossed Huai River in the north, and joined forces with Qilu governors in Xuzhou to pay tribute to Zhou. Zhou Yuanwang let a person give Gou Jian a piece of meat, and admitted that the more governors in China, the more "bully". At this time, the territory of Vietnam has crossed the north of Huaishui, bordering Shandong, starting from Ningbo in the east, Zhuji and Wenzhou in Shaoxing in the south, and Poyang Lake in Jiangxi in the west. From Taihu Lake to Ningshao Plain, the land is fertile and agriculture is developed. Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi said: "Chu is a vast country with few people, eating rice soup and fish, or ploughing water with fire, catching clams and not waiting for Jia. The terrain is rich in food, without hunger, without accumulation, you can drag out an ignoble existence and be poor. Therefore, there are no frozen and hungry people in the south of Jianghuai, and there are no homes with thousands of dollars. " In other words, people's lives are relatively easy to rely on particularly favorable natural and geographical conditions, including the Ningshao area of Taihu Lake in the south of Jianghuai. However, productivity is still low.
After the downfall of Soochow, because of its border with Lu, I hope to get more help in order to eliminate the power of the Third Ring Road. In 474 BC, Lu Shuqing went abroad. The following year, I will go to Yue. Ji Sun's family worried that public mourning would be bad for him, so he stopped doing so. Song, Wei and other countries also regard Yue as the overlord. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, adopted the style of "seven techniques", that is, donating money to please the monarch and his subjects; Second, the accumulation is expensive; Third, leave a beautiful woman to confuse her mind. Fourth, stay in the United States as a palace and exhaust its wealth. Fifth, the legacy of courtiers, in order to chaos its plan; Sixth, strictly exhort the minister to commit suicide and help him with weakness; Seventh, accumulate wealth, train the army and bear its disadvantages. After the destruction of Wu, Gou Jian wanted to dominate the Central Plains in the north, but the style of writing did not support him, saying that he was ill and did not go to court, which caused Gou Jian's dissatisfaction. On the strategic policy of "returning to the Central Plains in the north, respecting the king and resisting foreign countries", it is argued that there is an irreconcilable conflict between genre and Gou Jian. In Gou Jian's view, Wen Zi had betrayed himself at this time, just like Wen Zi didn't hold court at this time, so someone told Gou Jian that Wen Zi was going to rebel, which was probably not groundless. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, saw through the clues of Wen Zi's rebellion. One example is that he refused to go to court, so Gou Jian gave Wen Zi a sword to commit suicide, and no one else was implicated.
The bamboo slips of Tsinghua University Unearthed Literature Research and Protection Center recorded in detail the whole process of Gou Jian's efforts to govern the country: First, let Yue recuperate to "reassure the people". Subsequently, the "five strategies" were implemented to "use the people". The "five strategies" are "good agriculture", that is, rewarding farmers, attaching importance to agriculture and striving to develop the economy; "Honesty", culture and education; "Recruit people", recruiting people from all directions to increase the population; "Good soldier", expanding military strength; "Governing the people" means rectifying the military, bureaucracy and civil affairs. They revised orders, formulated clear laws and regulations, and imposed severe punishment. The "five strategies" have turned the people into tools of war that can be driven and into capital to win the country.