1, Overview: Napoleonic Wars (French: Guerres Napoleon é oni Ennes, English: Napoleon Icwars, German: Napoleons Kriege, Russian: напоеооно) Because of the national conscription system, the scale of the war is huge and unprecedented. France's national strength rose rapidly and dominated Europe; However, after the disastrous invasion of Russia in 18 12, the national situation plummeted. The empire established by Napoleon was finally defeated, and the Bourbon Dynasty was restored twice in 18 14 and 18 15. With Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo and the signing of the Paris Treaty by the belligerents, the Napoleonic War ended on1815438+065438+1October 20th.
2, the beginning of the war:
No one knows when the Napoleonic Wars actually started. There are three main arguments today:
1.1799165438+1On October 9th, Napoleon seized power through a coup in foggy month.
2.1803 On May 13, Britain and France ended the only short peace from 1792 to 18 14.
1804 65438+ On February 2nd, Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor.
With Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo and the signing of the Paris Treaty by the belligerents, the Napoleonic War ended on1815438+065438+1October 20th.
3, the war background:
(1) The French Revolution made the European royal family feel threatened, and the detention and execution of French King Louis XVI added fuel to the fire.
(2) 1792, Austria, Sardinia, Naples, Prussia, Spain and Great Britain formed the first anti-French alliance, trying to destroy France and the Republic. France and the government defeated all countries by various methods such as national conscription, military reform and total war.
(3) 1797, Napoleon defeated the Austrian army in Italy, forcing Austria to accept and sign the Treaty of Campo Formmio. Since then, only Britain and France have fought.
(4) The second anti-French alliance was composed of Austria, Britain, Naples, Ottoman Empire, Papal States, Portugal and Russia on 1798. LazareCarnot, the former minister of military and political affairs, introduced a lot of reforms in the1790s because of the split and corruption of the directorial government and lack of funds. However, due to the coup, he took refuge abroad, and Napoleon also fought in Egypt, which made France face the enemy funded by Britain and lost many wars.
On August 23rd, 1999, Napoleon secretly returned to France from Egypt. He immediately overthrew the governor's government and seized power in the foggy month coup on10.9/65438. Napoleon hastily reorganized the French army and established a reserve army to support the French army in the Rhine region and Italy.
(6) 1800, Napoleon defeated the Austrian army in marengo. Later, after Hornlinden defeated the Austrian army and Austria signed the Luneville Peace Treaty (18065438+February 9, 0), the French army even withdrew from the alliance. The second anti-French alliance ended in France's victory again. But Britain still has great influence in encouraging European powers to resist France, because it subsidizes its allies with a lot of money and materials in order to successfully form an alliance. Napoleon knew that if he could not defeat Britain, he must sign a peace treaty with Britain, otherwise peace could not be achieved.
(7) Although Britain and France signed the Amiens Peace Treaty on March 25th, 1802, peace could not last long. Because the two governments are not satisfied with the content of the treaty, they have not fully fulfilled the peace treaty. France intervened in internal disputes in Switzerland and occupied several Italian coastal towns, while Britain continued to occupy Malta. Napoleon even used this short-lived peace to send troops to Haiti to suppress the local independence revolution.
(8)1May, 80313rd, Britain declared war on France. /kloc-In May of 0/8, Napoleon abolished the French Republic and re-established the monarchy after holding a referendum.
(9)180465438+On February 2nd, Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor in Notre Dame de Paris.
4. Campaign schedule:
(1789~ 1802. French Revolution and Revolutionary War)
179 1~ 1802. Haitian Revolution (West Indies-Newfoundland and Labrador)
1792~97. The first war of the first anti-French alliance
1792~97 The First World War in Northern Italy 1ST Battle in Northern Italy
1793~95. Battle of Flanders (Low Countries-Rhineland)
1793~96. Battle of the Rhine (Rhineland-Switzerland)
1793~95. Lu Xirong/Pyrenees War.
1793~97. European water campaign in European offshore campaign
1792~ 1800. Rebel against the Republic and the government.
1792~ 1800. Zhu An sent royalists to revolt.
1793. the joint rebellion of royalists and federalists, federalists and kings.
1793~95. The first Wang Party rebellion in Wangdai.
1795~96. the second royalist rebellion
1795. Portuguese month riots of the King's Party in Paris 13 Vendémiaire.
1799 ~1800. troisi è me Guerre de vendé e, the third Wang Dai rebellion.
1793~ 180 1. Battle of east indies.
1798~ 1802. the second war of the second anti-French alliance.
1798~ 1800. Schweitz Campagna Movement in Switzerland (Schweitz-Sü ddeutsche Zeitung)
1798~ 180 1. Mediterranean-Egypt-Syria campaign.
1799~ 1800. The Second Battle of Northern Italy.
1799. British-Russian Coalition forces expedition to Anglo-Russia in the Netherlands.
1798. Irish League Rebellion and Irish Men Rebellion (French Part)
1798~ 1800. Quasi-war between France and the United States
180 1. The orange war of oranges (French part)
1802~04. French Saint Dominique Expedition/Haitian Independent Sandomingo Expedition.
(1803~ 15. Napoleonic wars)
1803~06. The Third War of the Third Anti-French Alliance.
1803~05. Napoleon's plan to invade Britain.
1805~06. Atlantic campaign
1805. the first battle in the danube valley 1ST battle of danotar (Bavaria-Australia-Moravia).
1805~07. The First Battle of Northern Italy 1ST Battle of Northern Italy
1806~07. France invaded Naples.
1806. British troops invaded Cape Colony/Battle of Blauburg.
1804~ 10. Battle of the West Indies.
1805~ 10. Pomerania War/France-Sweden War
1806~07. the fourth war of the fourth alliance against France
1806~07. Battle of Campagna in North Germany
1806~07. Ostpreu, Polish campaign in East Prussia? En and Polnisch Kampagne
1806~07. The First Battle of Dalmatia 1 Battle of Saint Dalmatia
1807~ 14. Battle of Adriatic Sea
1808~09. The Danish-Swedish War between Denmark, Norway and Sweden
1808~ 14. Peninsula War in Iberian Peninsula
1807~08. Battle of Portugal/First French invasion of Portugal 1 First invasion of Portugal
1807~08. The First Spanish Campaign/Spanish Anti-French Uprising
1808~09. The Second Spanish Campaign/Napoleon's Spanish Campaign.
1809. Portugal-Galicia campaign/the second invasion of Portugal by French troops.
1809~ 12. Castilla and Andalusian movements.
1809~ 14. Battle of Aragon-Catalonia
1810 ~11.The Battle of Portugal-Leon/The French Army invaded Portugal for the third time.
1811~13. Castilla-Northern Spain Movement and Northern Spain Movement.
(1 the first sentence, Allied counterattack, the first stage of Allied counterattack)
18 13~ 14. Battle of Northern Spain-Pyrenees.
(the second stage of the allied counter-offensive)
1809. the fifth anti-French alliance war, 10 France-Australia war.
1809. the second battle of danube valley, the second battle of danotar (Bavaria-Australia-Hungary).
1809. The Second Battle of Northern Italy in the Second Battle of Northern Italy
1809. Aobao War/Battle of Vistula River
(Austria's military action against Warsaw Principality? sterreichischer feld zug gegen das Herzogtum Warschau)
1809. The Second Battle of Dalmatia in the Second Battle of Dalmatia
1809. Battle of Valcheren
1809~ 1 1. Mauritius/Indian Ocean Movement
18 1 1. Britain invaded French Java.
18 12. France invaded Russia, the fifth Franco-Russian war.
18 13~ 14. the sixth war of the sixth alliance against France.
18 13~ 14. German Liberation War/German Campaign
18 13~ 14. The third northern Italian campaign in northern Italy.
18 14. the battle in northeast France.
18 13~ 14. the campaign in southwest France
18 15. The Seventh Anti-French Allied War/The Seventh Allied Hundred Days Dynasty War/Hundred Days
18 15. Napoli war
18 15. The fourth Wangdai rebellion
18 15. Belgium-Battle of Northern France/Battle of Waterloo in Belgium and Northern France.