Before the Opium War, China was an independent feudal country. Because China's natural economy was dominant at that time, China was in an advantageous position in Sino-British trade. In order to change the trade surplus, illegal British businessmen smuggled opium to China. The import of opium brought great disaster to China society.

2. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement

After the First Opium War, class contradictions in the Qing Dynasty intensified unprecedentedly, and peasant uprisings surged. 185 1 year, Hong Xiuquan launched the jintian uprising and established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom regime. 1853, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom made Tianjing (now Nanjing) its capital, and promulgated the "Celestial Tianmu System"; From 65438 to 0856, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom reached its military heyday, which dealt a heavy blow to the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty.

3. The emergence of capitalism in the late Qing Dynasty and the deepening of the national crisis.

In the 65438+60s, the Westernization School appeared in the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty. From the 1960s to the 1990s, they launched the Westernization Movement of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners". The Westernization Movement did not make China prosperous, but objectively stimulated the development of capitalism in China and promoted the modernization of China. After the signing of treaty of shimonoseki, the imperialist powers launched fierce competition for capital export in China, seized "leased land" in China, divided "spheres of influence", set off a frenzy to carve up China, and the national crisis in China deepened unprecedentedly.

4. The Reform Movement of 1898 and the Boxer Movement.

The Boxer Rebellion is an anti-imperialist and patriotic movement. This movement shattered the arrogant plan of the imperialist powers to carve up China, dealt a heavy blow to the reactionary rule of the Qing government and accelerated its demise. /kloc-in the summer of 0/900, Britain, Russia, Japan, France, Germany, the United States, Italy and Austria invaded China. 190 1 year, the Qing government was forced to sign the "Treaty of Xin and Chou" with eight countries including Belgium, Netherlands and Spain and1/country, which marked the formation of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China.

Extended data:

The modern history of China is from the Opium War in 1840 to the eve of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. This is the history of China gradually becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and it is also the history of China people's pursuit of national independence and national rejuvenation. The modern history of China is divided into two stages, from the Opium War of 1840 to the eve of the May 4th Movement of 19 19, which is the stage of the old democratic revolution. From the May 4th Movement in 19 19 to the eve of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, it was the stage of the new democratic revolution.

References:

People's Network-Modern History