weiyang palace
Weiyang Palace is a group of royal palaces in the Western Han Dynasty, which is as famous as Changle Palace and Zhangjian Palace. Formerly known as Zhangtai, it was built during the reign of Qin Huiwen. It is the oldest palace in Chang 'an, and it is also the most used and longest-lived royal palace in the past dynasties. 202 years ago, in the early Han Dynasty, Liu Bang took Lou Jing's advice, designated Chang 'an as the capital city, and settled in Changle Palace, and ordered Prime Minister Xiao He to design and build his own palace in the Han Dynasty, namely Weiyang Palace.
This is the origin of Weiyang Palace, which means long-term stability and disaster relief. The total area of Weiyang Palace is about 5 square kilometers, accounting for about one-seventh of the area of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty. It is slightly smaller than Changle Palace, with palace gates on all sides and gaps in the east and north gates. The East Que is outside the East Sima Gate, facing the West Que of Changle Palace. In Twenty-eight Miles of Hui Zhou, there are more than forty houses in the palace, such as Xuan Shi, Kirin, Jinhua, Chengming and Jiaofang Temple, bookstores such as Shiqu Pavilion and Tianlu Pavilion, as well as Liuqiu and Duochi, and nearly 100 portals, which are connected with Changle Palace.
When Weiyang Palace was built, Liu Bangling led the army outside. After returning to Beijing, he saw the design scheme of Weiyang Palace set by Xiao He. He once asked Xiao He, "The world is cold, and success or failure is unpredictable. Why do you care too much about the palace? " Xiao He replied, "Things change, but it can be decided by the palace master. Moreover, it is not magnificent for the husband and son of heaven to take the four seas as their home, and there is nothing to add to future generations. " It is precisely because the world is not very stable that we can seize the opportunity to build a palace; And now the world is unified, and the luxury points that are not built are not enough to reflect the majesty of the emperor, and future generations will never be able to surpass it. "Liu bang listened to, followed.
In 200 BC, Weiyang Palace was initially built, but the population distribution of Chang 'an has not yet reached this stage. Seven years later, the construction of Chang 'an City began in Hui Di period, and it was finally completed in 192 BC. From the time of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, the emperors of the Han Dynasty began to formally handle political affairs in Weiyang Palace, where the Silk Road (Ganquan Palace is controversial) and Zhaojun's departure were decided. At the same time, Weiyang Palace is located in the west of Changle Palace, so it is also called "West Palace" and "East Palace" respectively.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped the throne, and later the outlaw rebels invaded Chang 'an. Wang Mang "avoided the fire in front of the propaganda room, and the fire followed". Finally, "Weiyang Palace burned and attacked Mang for three days". According to Liu Xuanchuan in the later Han Dynasty, "Wang Mang was defeated and Weiyang Palace burned"; Later, the Red Eyebrow Army invaded Chang 'an and, like most peasant rebels, said,' Those who are not peaceful for the world can't be peaceful for the world, but only know the saboteurs and can't bring hope to any world or anyone'? Under the pressure of Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu's army, the Red Eyebrow Army burned and looted in the city. When they left, Chang 'an was in ruins and Changle Palace was completely destroyed. According to "Biography of Wang Mang", "Red eyebrows set fire to Chang 'an Palace, harming people to turn over a new leaf. "People are hungry, eating each other, and thousands of people die. Chang 'an is a market, and there are no pedestrians in the city. "
Compared with Changle Palace, Weiyang Palace is lucky. After the Eastern Han Dynasty established Luoyang as its capital, Liu Xiu wrote a letter to "repair Xijing Palace"; During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the entire Han Chang 'an City was included in the Forbidden Park. In the second year of Tang Dynasty, Shence Army built Weiyang Palace in the Forbidden Park. According to the records of the Tang Dynasty, Weiyang Palace was also built, which is 1040 years ago. Since then, Tang Zhaozong has been forced to move the capital to Luoyang, and the name of Weiyang Palace has never appeared in history books.
It was not until today's archaeological excavation that all kinds of buildings in Weiyang Palace were rediscovered. The proved Weiyang Palace site is located in Xi 'anmen, southwest of Xi 'an Han Chang 'an City site in Shaanxi, with a length of 2150m from east to west, a width of 2,250m from north to south and a circumference of 8,800m. Among them, the most important lobby embodies the characteristics of the high, middle and front office space of the royal building.
In the architectural design layout, the front hall of Weiyang Palace is located in the center and front of Weiyang Palace, with the highest point of Longshou Mountain as the platform. "Notes on Water Mirror and Weishui" records that Xiao He built the Qiansi Temple, "cut the dragon to the top of the mountain and set up camp"; "The Map of St. Fu Huang" records that the front hall "takes Mulan as the slab, Wenxing as the beam and column, paved with jade households, ornate purlins, carved jade slabs, carved sills, blue locks and red stiles, and flat left and right; Gold is the wall belt, and there are precious jade articles in the room, which makes it sound exquisite. " Mulan is the front porch rafter, apricot trees are the beams and columns, the roof rafters are covered with gold foil, the doors are decorated with gold patterns, the facade is decorated with jade ornaments, gold-plated copper heads and inlaid with various gems. The cloister railings are carved with exquisite and elegant patterns, and the windows are cyan, carved with antique patterns. There is a slope on the left and a step on the right in front of the temple for people to step on. On the cornerstone stand tall wooden pillars, purple ground, glittering wall belts and rare jade.
In terms of color design, Ode to a Journey to the West records that Weiyang Palace "emits colorful colors and bright flames". It can be seen that Weiyang Palace is brightly colored, among which "Cai Tong", "Haobi" and "Danzhu" depict the front hall of Weiyang Palace; "Xuanjian Kou Qi" means that the floor of the palace is painted with black paint and the door of the palace is plated with gold; "Jade terrace" refers to white jade steps, and the atrium is painted with red paint; "Green Jordan" refers to the blue and white palace gate with red painted steps; In addition, the walls and colonnades of the whole palace are mainly white and red. From these descriptions of Weiyang Palace in later generations, we can see the main styles of most color designs in palace buildings in Han Dynasty.
In the decoration design of Xijing Fu, it is recorded that "jade is in full bloom and beautiful jade is intertwined". The luminous lamp hanging on Li is a candle decorated with beads. Jin Yujie, Mingting. Coral Linbi, Lin Bin, Yan Min. "It means that the middle wall of the palace is covered with brilliant flowers, or it is decorated with jewels and jade walls with rope nets." Decorated with Huayun and Biyan, flowing with Jing Yao. Carve jade. "Probably means that the palace takes jade as a tile and jade as a stepping stone. The writing style of later generations may be exaggerated, but it also represents the luxury of materials used in Weiyang Palace at that time.
There are many other design highlights in Weiyang Palace. For example, the Pepper Room Temple where the Queen lives is covered with pepper and mud, which is warm and fragrant. Cangchi, southwest of Weiyang Palace, takes water from Zhangchengmen by swimming outside the city. After entering the palace, it is called "open channel", which not only beautifies the environment of Weiyang Palace, but also solves the problem of water use in the palace. This is the first time in history to build an artificial lake and rockery in the palace.
There are also national libraries in Weiyang Palace, such as Shiqu Pavilion and Tianlu Pavilion, which are specially used to collect books, classics and archives, with a large collection of materials. The story of Sanfu records: "Tianlu and Shiqu are both named pavilions, and there is a pavilion secretary in the north of Weiyang Palace." "The strategy of building books, the official who writes books, and the legends of various factions all have secret rooms." Many famous scholars have been to Shiqu Pavilion to consult various documents. In the middle and late Western Han Dynasty, Shiqu Pavilion was once an academic center in Chang 'an, where scholars attended academic seminars organized by the royal family or the central government. Tianluge gathered many famous scholars, and the famous historian Sima Qian also used Tianluge's books to write historical records.
In addition, different from the 3090 volumes of paper books in the national libraries such as Shiqu Pavilion and Tianlu Pavilion, many Oracle Bone Inscriptions engraved with tiny handwriting were found in the ruins. Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which is easier to store information, records weapons and state secret files from the Emperor Gaozu to the end of the Western Han Dynasty, which is of great help to modern archaeologists in studying the history of the Han Dynasty.
The auspicious words "Changle Weiyang" can often be seen on ceramic tiles in the Western Han Dynasty, in which "Changle" stands for Changle Palace and "Weiyang" stands for Weiyang Palace. Weiyang Palace originally meant long-term stability and no disaster, but Weiyang Palace has disappeared into the dust of history.
Yu Xiao's voice was sad and sad. When she woke up from her dream, a string of bright moons were hanging upstairs in Qin. Qin family, every year in the second quarter of the moon, the willow color by the bridge is printed with seven windows for farewell.
Looking at the Cold and Autumn Festival, the ancient road leading to Xianyang has been cut off. The west wind kissed the light of the sun, and in front of us were the tombs and palaces of the Han Dynasty. -Li Baiyi Qin E
Some pictures come from literature, internet, invasion and deletion, above.
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