Later, people changed from trying to understand the agricultural environment to trying to change the environmental conditions and agricultural production objects themselves, which promoted the gradual systematization of knowledge in soil cultivation, fertilization, irrigation, crop variety selection and cultivation, livestock breeding and so on. China ancient agricultural books, with their vast space, provide strong evidence for the brilliant achievements of ancient agricultural research.
/kloc-After the middle of the 0/9th century, the research results and experimental methods of natural sciences such as biology, chemistry, physiology, genetics, entomology, microbiology, pedology and meteorology were gradually applied to agriculture, which promoted the qualitative change of agricultural research from the empirical level to modern agricultural science. The publication of Justus von Liebig's classic book "Application of Organic Chemistry in Agriculture and Physiology" from 65438 to 0840 is generally considered to mark the beginning of the development of modern agricultural science system.
Since then, various agricultural sciences based on experiments have been formed. The application of agricultural chemistry in crop cultivation led to the establishment of fertilizer industry, the development of plant physiology and plant nutrition, and the crop cultivation technology became more scientific. The introduction of Mendel's genetic law and genetic theory led to the birth of modern crop breeding. With the application of the principles of biochemistry, physiology, pathology, anatomy and genetics in livestock production, the breeding, breeding, feed science and veterinary medicine of livestock have also developed rapidly.
At the beginning of the 20th century, power machinery, especially internal combustion engines, tractors and other mobile farm tools gradually became popular, which changed the situation of taking animal power as agricultural power and accelerated the process of agricultural mechanization. The resulting agricultural machinery science provides a theoretical basis for continuously improving agricultural productivity.
After the Second World War, the synthetic chemical industry rose, which promoted the research of various pesticides, herbicides and agricultural plastics, and the means of plant protection became more and more perfect. With the development of cytogenetics and molecular genetics, the application research of biotechnology such as genetic engineering in agriculture has begun to achieve results, marking a new revolution in breeding technology. The application of ecological science and system science in agriculture has opened up new ways and fields for the development of agricultural science from a macro perspective.
At the same time, the new research methods provided by nuclear technology, computer, remote sensing and telemetry technology have also made and are making agricultural scientific research more accurate. Due to the progress of agricultural science and technology, agricultural producers can not only improve agricultural labor productivity several times or even dozens of times, but also greatly increase the unit output of various animal and plant products, effectively improve product quality, and greatly reduce losses caused by harmful organisms and unfavorable natural conditions. Agricultural science has become an indispensable part of agricultural productivity and a necessary condition for agricultural modernization and rapid improvement of agricultural production level.
Of course, the improvement of agricultural productivity is not only due to natural science. The development of agricultural economic science has also played a great role in people's more conscious agricultural production according to economic laws, changing and perfecting the production relations in agriculture, rationally organizing agricultural productivity, improving the production, circulation and distribution of agricultural products, and constantly improving economic benefits.