Reciting skills of history in grade one of junior high school
Memory method 1. Associative memory method
Memorize historical years by association method
The Battle of Feishui took place in 383 AD. Fat water can be associated with obesity. From obesity to fat dolls, the two circles in the eight characters are just the head and body of the fat doll, and two threes are two ears. Just remember this idea.
Memorize historical events by association method
There were three large-scale peasant uprisings in the Han Dynasty: one was the Greenwood Uprising in A.D. 17; Second, the Red Eyebrow Uprising in 18; The third time was the Yellow Scarf Uprising in 184. The first two occurred in the Western Han Dynasty, and the last one occurred in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The time of these three uprisings can be recorded by comparison, and the most troublesome thing is that the names of the uprisings are easily confused. Therefore, associative memory can be used to remember. The names of these three uprisings all have colors, that is, green, red and yellow, which can be associated with maple leaves. Maple leaves are green in spring and summer, red in autumn and yellow in winter.
Memorize historical events and years by association method
In 202 BC, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty with Chang 'an as its capital, which can be recorded by association method: "Before the duck lays an egg, the duck looks at it, and Liu Bang makes Chang 'an its capital". This is because 2 is like a duck and 0 is like an egg.
Memory method 2, homophonic memory method
Memorize Eight-Nation Alliance's time in Beijing by homophonic method.
1900 14 In August, Eight-Nation Alliance went to Beijing, which can be recorded as: when Eight-Nation Alliance went to Beijing, he was just catching up with the dear father of Emperor Guangxu. Cixi is dying, that is, her father is dying (1August 4), and it is useless to drink two bottles of medicinal wine. Two bottles are two zeros, and medicinal liquor is 19, which is 1900.
Memorize the historical knowledge of the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty by induction.
The opening time, flowing region and historical significance of the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty can be summarized as "123456":
A north-south traffic trunk line;
Emperor Yang Di, the second generation emperor of Sui Dynasty, dug it;
It spans three major cities, namely, Luo Yang as the center, Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south;
The whole length is divided into four sections: Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hangou and Jiangnan River.
Connecting five major rivers: Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River;
It flows through Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
Remembering important events in China's modern history by induction.
The major events in China's modern history (1840 ~ 19 19) can be summarized as "5432 1" to remember. Namely:
Five major wars-the Opium War, the Second Opium War, the Sino-French War, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and Eight-Nation Alliance's War of Aggression against China; Four major unequal treaties-treaty of nanking, treaty of shimonoseki, Xin Chou Treaty and Article 2 1;
Three times-climax-Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, Boxer Movement, Xinhai-;
The emergence of two classes-the proletariat and the national bourgeoisie;
Failed political reform-1898 reform movement.
Memorize treaty of shimonoseki's content by induction.
The treaty of shimonoseki between China and Japan includes four contents: cutting Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Island and Penghu Islands to Japan, paying 220 million silver for Japanese military expenditure, opening Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou as trading ports, and allowing Japan to open factories at trading ports. It can be summarized as "one factory with 230 million islands and four mouths".
Memory method three, string memory method
Through cross-linking, the same type of historical events or the activities of the same person in different periods are presented to students according to the clues of historical development, which is convenient for students to understand and consolidate. For example, the evolution of the tax system in the ancient history of China can be arranged as follows:
1) Lu's "first tax mu" in the Spring and Autumn Period.
2) The "household registration system" in the Western Han Dynasty.
3) Tenancy reconciliation and corvee system in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
4) Tenancy system in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
5) Late Tang tax law.
6) A whipping method in the late Ming Dynasty.
7) In the Qing Dynasty, the land was divided into mu and the land was collected.
Another example is the content of Li Dazhao's main revolutionary activities in the textbook "History of China" in junior high school, which is scattered in some chapters of volumes two and three.
When teaching, I put it into:
1) leading the new culture movement;
2) Leading the May 4th Movement;
3) Establish a weekly review. Propaganda of Marxism;
4) Participate in the creation of China * * *;
(five) to participate in the formation of the United front of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the revolutionary classes;
6) 1927 died heroically in Beijing.
Basic knowledge of junior high school history
1, the early political system in ancient China.
One core: kingship.
Two systems: enfeoffment system and patriarchal clan system.
Three characteristics: Zhou Wang ruled the world together and established local vassal States (enfeoffment system); On the basis of consanguinity, consanguinity and political relations, the eldest son inheritance system (patriarchal clan system) is implemented.
2. Understanding of centralization of feudal autocracy.
One concentration:
That is, all power is concentrated in the hands of the emperor.
Two pairs of contradictions:
That is, the contradiction between imperial power and relative power, and the contradiction between the central and local governments.
Three major trends:
In other words, the right to divide imperial power and form a monarchy; Decentralize local power, concentrate on the central government, and form centralization; The trend of more and more control over thoughts.
Four stages of development:
The establishment and development of Qin and Han Dynasties-the perfection of Sui and Tang Dynasties-the strengthening of Song and Yuan Dynasties-the strengthening of Ming and Qing Dynasties.
3, the election of officials and supervision system
A basic purpose:
Strengthen imperial rule.
Two levels:
Elect and supervise officials.
Three major trends:
The standard gradually evolved from family background to academic ability; The selection method evolved from recommendation to examination selection; The selection form is more and more strict and tends to be institutionalized.
4. The characteristics of ancient agriculture in China.
(1) Small-scale peasant economy is the basic model of traditional agriculture.
(2) Intensive cultivation is the basic feature of traditional agriculture.
(3) Niu Geng with iron plough is the main farming method in traditional agriculture.
5. The development of ancient commerce
A policy:
Attach importance to agriculture and restrain business.
Two aspects:
Business development and the status of businessmen.
Three characteristics:
Businessmen's social status is low, and business development is difficult and tortuous; Obey the development of agriculture; The government's control over business is gradually weakening.
Of course, there are four stages:
Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period (the government monopoly was broken, commodity markets and big businessmen appeared)-Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties (the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce; Square and city were strictly separated, and foreign trade developed)-Song and Yuan Dynasties (commercial economy flourished; The boundary of Fang Shi was broken; The earliest paper money in the world)-Ming and Qing Dynasties (the development of urban commerce; There are business gangs; Close the door).
6. The main factors affecting the budding development of Chinese capitalism.
(1) The bondage of decadent feudal system is the fundamental reason for the slow development of capitalism.
(2) The rulers vigorously promoted the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce", implemented the monopoly system, and imposed heavy taxes on private businesses, which affected the accumulation of funds for expanding reproduction and the expansion of the domestic market.
(3) For a long time, the thought of restraining and discriminating against businessmen is deeply rooted, which limits the development of commodity economy and the growth of capitalism.
(4) The "sea ban" policy and the "closed door" policy that strictly restrict foreign trade have hindered the economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and limited the development of budding capitalism.
7. The influence of the nature and policies of foreign trade on social transformation in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
(1) China's foreign trade in ancient times was a tribute trade between the government and foreign countries. Its purpose was not to obtain the greatest economic benefits, but mainly to strengthen friendly exchanges.
The government often follows the principle of "paying more attention to details" and adopts the method of "paying more", which increases the heavy financial burden in trade and affects the sustainable development of Chinese and foreign trade.
(2) During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, foreign trade at sea was forbidden, and the country was closed to the outside world, which restricted the development of private foreign trade; It hinders the development of overseas markets and the growth of capitalism. China was isolated from the world and gradually fell behind the world development trend, which affected the transformation of China society to modern times.
Memorizing the main points of historical knowledge
1, noun quintuple method
That is to say, use five points to summarize nouns.
Namely: ① time; 2 position; 3 characters; 4 content; ⑤ Evaluation or significance. This method is suitable for nouns of people, events, works and other categories.
For example, Sun Tzu's Art of War can be summarized as follows: ① Spring and Autumn Period; 2 Wu; (3) by the strategist Sun Wu; (4) Summing up our predecessors' and our own combat experience and writing Sun Tzu's Art of War; ⑤ World-famous ancient art books.
2. Mathematical representation method
That is, a certain historical knowledge is summarized with one or several figures to form the main points.
For example, the content of China's general line in the transitional period can be summarized as "one modernization and three reforms", that is, industrialization, the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce.
3. Prefix extraction method
That is, the first word or words of each sentence of a certain historical knowledge are extracted as the main points to form another word or sentence.
For example, when recording the contents of Japan's 646-year industrialization reform, it can be recorded as "land division and land reform", that is, distributing land to farmers; Fields may not be bought or sold; Land belongs to the state; Reform the administrative management system.
4, homophonic fun memory method
In other words, several key knowledge of a certain historical knowledge are homophonic or composed of interesting words to help memory.
For example, the Soviet Union joined the Republic in 1924, which can be recorded as "there are two geese outside Ukraine". Namely Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and Transcaucasia. This is interesting. Remember quickly and remember firmly.
5, keyword morphology
That is, to grasp the key words of a certain historical knowledge and summarize them into points to improve the memory effect.
For example, we can use several key words to grasp the formation process: ① Start; ② further; ③ greatly deepened; 4 completely immersed. Then contact the influence of several wars of foreign powers invading China: ① The Opium War made China a semi-colony; ② The Second Opium War was further deepened; ③ The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the signing of treaty of shimonoseki greatly deepened the semi-colonization of China; (4) Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China and the signing of the Xin Chou Treaty plunged China into a semi-colonial abyss.
6. Summarize memory methods
Is to generalize and simplify some historical knowledge.
For example, the process of Latin American revolution can be summarized as one revolution and two stages (1810-1815; 18 16- 1826), three centers (Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina), three * * * (Hidalgo, Bolvar, San Martí n), opposing two colonialists (Portugal, Spain), decisive battle (the battle of Ayacucho).
Articles on Reciting Skills of History in Grade One of Senior High School:
★ Guidance on learning methods of history in senior one: several common methods of remembering history.
★ Skills of reciting junior high school history
★ Recite junior high school history knowledge and key points.
★ Quick memory method of junior high school history knowledge
★ Learning methods and problem-solving skills of history in senior one.
★ The first day of history must recite knowledge points.
★ A Complete Collection of Memorizing Methods of Junior Middle School History Knowledge
★ Memory method of junior high school history knowledge
★ What are the learning methods of senior one history?